Particulate　emissions　from　high　temperature　pose　a　significant　threat　to　air　quality,　necessitating　advanced　air　filtration　materials　capable　of　withstanding　extreme　temperatures　and　complex　environmental　conditions.　Here,　we　report　a　high-efficiency　and　high-temperature　resistant　polyimide/SiO2　(PI/SiO2)　nanofiber　membrane　with　excellent　air　permeability　(146　mm/s)　and　electrostatic　effects　(−1500　V),　fabricated　via　multi-needle　electrospinning　followed　by　thermal　imidization.　Interface　regulation　through　SiO2　incorporation　enhances　the　membrane＇s　permeability　by　expanding　fiber　spacing　and　increasing　tortuosity,　thereby　prolonging　particle-fiber　collision　time　and　improving　passive　filtration　performance.　The　PI/SiO2　fibers　also　generate　self-sustained　electrostatic　charges　through　friction　with　air　and　inter-fiber　contact,　imparting　active　filtration　capability.　By　controlling　and　increasing　the　SiO2　content　at　a　constant　spinning　amount,　a　balance　between　filtration　efficiency　and　pressure　drop　was　achieved　through　enhanced　air　permeability.　Under　continuous　filtration　at　260　°C　for　240　min,　the　membrane　exhibited　exceptional　PM0.3　filtration　efficiency　(99.1668　%)　with　a　modest　pressure　drop　(109　Pa).　Furthermore,　by　integrating　electrospun　membranes　with　filter　bags　and　conducting　industrial　dust　simulations,　it　achieved　an　ultrahigh　filtration　efficiency　of　99.9993　%　with　a　pressure　drop　of　only　133　Pa.　The　successful　development　of　PI/SiO2　nanofiber　membranes　provides　a　promising　strategy　for　next-generation　high-temperature-resistant　air　filters.　©　2025　Elsevier　B.V.