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author：

Li, L. (Li, L..) [1] | Xiao, K. (Xiao, K..) [2] | Lai, T. (Lai, T..) [3] | Lai, K. (Lai, K..) [4] | Lin, J. (Lin, J..) [5] | Ge, Z. (Ge, Z..) [6] | Liang, L. (Liang, L..) [7] | Huang, H. (Huang, H..) [8] | Zhang, X. (Zhang, X..) [9] | Liu, L. (Liu, L..) [10] | Wang, Y. (Wang, Y..) [11] | Shang, X. (Shang, X..) [12] | He, M. (He, M..) [13] | Xue, Y. (Xue, Y..) [14] | Zhu, Z. (Zhu, Z..) [15]

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Abstract：

This　multicenter　retrospective　study　developed　and　validated　an　AI　driven　model　for　automated　segmentation　and　quantitative　evaluation　of　meibomian　glands　using　infrared　meibography　images　acquired　by　the　Keratograph　5M　device.　A　total　of　1350　infrared　meibography　images　were　collected　and　annotated　for　model　training　and　validation.　The　model　demonstrated　high　segmentation　performance,　with　an　Intersection　over　Union　of　81.67%　(95%　Confidence　Interval　[CI]:　81.03–82.31)　and　accuracy　of　97.49%　(95%　CI:　97.38–97.62),　outperforming　conventional　algorithms.　The　agreement　was　observed　between　AI-based　and　manual　gland　grading　(Kappa　=　0.93)　and　gland　counting　(Spearman　r　=　0.9334).　Repeatability　analysis　confirmed　the　model’s　stability,　and　external　validation　across　four　independent　centers　yielded　consistent　results　with　AUCs　exceeding　0.99.　This　AI　tool　offers　a　standardized,　efficient,　and　objective　method　for　meibography　image　analysis,　which　may　improve　diagnostic　precision　and　assist　in　the　clinical　management　of　meibomian　gland　dysfunction　across　diverse　populations.　©　The　Author(s)　2025.

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  • [ 1 ] [Li L.]Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 2 ] [Li L.]Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 3 ] [Li L.]Department of Ophthalmology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 4 ] [Xiao K.]Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 5 ] [Lai T.]Department of Ophthalmology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 6 ] [Lai K.]College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 7 ] [Lin J.]College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 8 ] [Lin J.]Engineering Research Center of big data intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 9 ] [Ge Z.]Monash e-Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 10 ] [Ge Z.]Monash Medical AI Group, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 11 ] [Liang L.]State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
  • [ 12 ] [Huang H.]Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
  • [ 13 ] [Zhang X.]Dongguan Huaxia Eye Hospital, Dongguan, China
  • [ 14 ] [Liu L.]Huaxia Eye Hospital Group Putian Eye Hospital, Putian, China
  • [ 15 ] [Wang Y.]Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 16 ] [Wang Y.]Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 17 ] [Shang X.]School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • [ 18 ] [Shang X.]Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • [ 19 ] [He M.]School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • [ 20 ] [He M.]Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • [ 21 ] [Xue Y.]Department of Ophthalmology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
  • [ 22 ] [Zhu Z.]Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 23 ] [Zhu Z.]Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • [ 24 ] [Zhu Z.]Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Source ：

npj Digital Medicine

ISSN： 2398-6352

Year： 2025

Issue： 1

Volume： 8

1 2 . 4 0 0

JCR@2023

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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List： 0 Unfold All

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