Dynamic　and　complex　cellular　activities，such　as　cell　communication　and　signal　transduction，rely　on　the　participation　of　various　membrane　receptors.　Nucleic　acids　are　important　tools　for　developing　membrane　receptor　visualization　strategies　in　live　cells.　In　this　review，protein　labeling　techniques　based　on　nucleic　acid　probes　are　summarized　from　two　aspects：non-covalent　target　recognition　and　covalent　coupling.　The　latest　research　progress　of　these　labeling　techniques　in　the　visualization　of　important　molecular　information，such　as　membrane　receptor　expression，glycoform　and　protein-protein　interactions，was　systematically　reviewed.　The　existing　challenges　and　future　development　in　this　field　were　discussed　and　prospected.　©　2025　Higher　Education　Press　Limited　Company.　All　rights　reserved.