As　aging　urban　expressways　become　more　pronounced,　maintenance　and　construction　work　on　these　roadways　is　increasingly　necessary.　Some　lanes　may　need　to　be　closed　during　maintenance　and　construction,　decreasing　driving　safety　and　comfort　in　the　work　zone.　This　situation　often　leads　to　traffic　congestion　and　a　higher　risk　of　traffic　accidents.　Notably,　80%　of　work　zone　traffic　accidents　occur　in　the　warning　and　upstream　transition　areas　(or　simply　warning　and　transition　areas).　Therefore,　it　is　crucial　to　appropriately　determine　the　lengths　of　these　areas　to　enhance　both　safety　and　comfort　for　drivers.　In　this　study,　we　examined　three　different　warning　lengths　(1800　m,　2000　m,　and　2200　m)　and　three　transition　lengths　(120　m,　140　m,　and　160　m)　using　the　entropy　weighting　method　to　create　nine　simulation　scenarios　on　a　two-way,　six-lane　urban　expressway.　We　selected　various　metrics　for　driving　safety　and　comfort,　including　drivers’　eye　movement,　electroencephalogram,　and　driving　behavior　indicators.　A　total　of　45　participants　(mean　age　=　23.9　years,　standard　deviation　=　1.8)　were　recruited　for　the　driving　simulation　experiment,　and　each　participant　completed　all　9　simulation　scenarios.　After　eliminating　5　invalid　datasets,　we　obtained　valid　data　from　40　participants.　We　employed　a　combination　of　the　analytic　network　process　and　entropy　weighting　method　to　calculate　the　comprehensive　weights　of　the　eight　evaluation　indicators.　Additionally,　we　introduced　the　fuzzy　theory,　utilizing　a　trapezoidal　membership　function　to　evaluate　the　membership　matrix　values　of　the　indicators　and　the　comprehensive　evaluation　grade　eigenvalues.　The　ranking　of　the　experimental　scenarios　was　determined　using　these　eigenvalues.　The　results　indicated　that　more　extended　warning　lengths　correlated　with　increased　safety　and　comfort.　Specifically,　the　best　driver　safety　and　comfort　levels　were　observed　in　Scenario　I,　which　featured　a　2200　m　warning　length　×　160　m　transition　length.　However,　the　difference　in　safety　and　comfort　across　different　transition　lengths　diminished　as　the　warning　length　increased.　Therefore,　when　road　space　is　limited,　a　thoughtful　combination　of　reasonable　lengths　can　still　provide　high　driving　safety　and　comfort.　©　2025　by　the　authors.