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The development of high-performance nanofiltration membranes for dye/salt separation remains challenging due to the ubiquitous permeability–selectivity trade-off. Conventional MXene membranes suffer from structural compactness caused by irreversible nanosheet restacking, which severely limits their water permeability and separation efficiency. Herein, we propose a structural engineering strategy using ultralong hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires as nanoscale spacers to transform conventional 2D MXene laminates into 3D mountain-like architectures. The ultralong HAP nanowires (length: tens of micrometers; diameter: 1000) serve as effective structure mediators, creating abundant water transport channels while preventing MXene nanosheet restacking. Comprehensive characterization reveals that the optimized HAP/MXene membrane exhibits significantly expanded structural parameters, including a 98.31 % increase in surface roughness, 12.05 % rise in porosity, and 26.05 % enhancement in specific surface area compared to pristine MXene membranes. These structural advantages translate into exceptional separation performance: the membrane achieves an unprecedented water flux of 608.50 LMH/bar (1023.73 % improvement) while maintaining high dye rejection rates (>98 % for Congo Red) and minimal salt rejection ( © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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Separation and Purification Technology
ISSN: 1383-5866
Year: 2025
Volume: 378
8 . 2 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 6
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