Digital　transformation　has　been　a　significant　driver　for　economic　growth.　Typically　high　energy　consuming　enterprises　face　significant　pressure　to　maintain　high-quality　development.　This　study　investigates　the　influence　of　digitalization　on　high　energy　consuming　enterprises’　total　factor　productivity.　Results　manifest　that　digitalization　acts　as　a　driver　for　total　factor　productivity.　Nevertheless,　the　impact　of　digitalization　on　total　factor　productivity　demonstrates　significant　heterogeneity　contingent　upon　both　internal　enterprise　characteristics　and　external　environmental　factors.　From　an　enterprise＇s　internal　perspective,　the　positive　influence　of　enterprise　digitalization　on　total　factor　productivity　is　particularly　pronounced　in　high　energy　consuming　enterprises　characterized　by　state-owned　and　lower　growth.　From　an　external　perspective,　the　impact　of　digitalization　is　more　pronounced　among　enterprises　located　in　regions　with　advanced　digital　infrastructure　and　in　mid-western　areas.　Further,　mediating　effect　analysis　reveals　that　digitalization　can　boost　total　factor　productivity　by　enhancing　innovation　investment　and　promoting　management　efficiency.　These　results　still　hold　under　a　set　of　robustness　checks.　Based　on　these　empirical　findings,　we　derive　targeted　policy　recommendations.　©　2025　Elsevier　Inc.