Purpose　This　study　was　to　assess　whether　baseline　magnetic　resonance　habitat　imaging　can　predict　the　efficacy　of　neoadjuvant　chemoradiotherapy　(nCRT)　in　patients　with　locally　advanced　rectal　cancer　(LARC).Methods　This　retrospective　study　analyzed　data　from　181　patients　with　locally　advanced　rectal　cancer,　including　60　who　exhibited　a　good　treatment　response.　The　cohort　was　randomly　divided　into　a　training　set　(127　patients,　42　with　good　response)　and　a　validation　set　(54　patients,　18　with　good　response).　Five　models　were　developed:　ModelClinic,　ModelRadiomics,　ModelHabitat,　ModelClinic+Radiomics,　and　ModelClinic+Habitat.　Model　performance　was　assessed　using　the　area　under　the　receiver　operating　characteristic　(ROC)　curve　(AUC)　for　both　training　and　validation　sets.Results　The　AUC　values　for　predicting　the　efficacy　of　LARC　neoadjuvant　therapy　were　as　follows:　in　the　training　set,　ModelClinic　achieved　0.788,　ModelRadiomics　0.827,　ModelHabitat　0.815,　ModelClinic+Radiomics　0.938,　and　ModelClinic+Habitat　0.896;　in　the　test　set,　the　corresponding　AUCs　were　0.656,　0.619,　0.636,　0.532,　and　0.710,　respectively.　Decision　curve　analysis　demonstrated　that　the　clinical　combined　habitat　model　(ModelClinic+Habitat)　provided　higher　net　benefits　than　other　models　within　a　threshold　probability　range　of　20%　to　80%.Conclusion　The　habitat　model　we　developed,　which　integrates　first-order　and　clinical　features,　demonstrates　potential　for　predicting　the　efficacy　of　nCRT　clinically　interpretable　spatial　heterogeneity　information.　This　model　may　aid　in　personalized　treatment　decision-making　for　LARC.