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Although epoxy resin (EP) offers excellent performance for diverse applications, its high flammability and toxic smoke emission pose significant safety and environmental concerns. Traditional flame retardants often destroy mechanical properties while failing to address smoke suppression. This paper reports a phytic acid-melamine salt (PA@MEL) flame retardant synthesized using bio-based phytic acid and melamine via a green water-soluble process. In this study, PA@MEL was developed as a dual-functional additive for use as both a flame retardant and room-temperature co-curing agent for EP, achieving simultaneous flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical property preservation through an optimized composition. The results of the flame retardant tests showed that EP/PA@MEL-15% could pass the V-0 level of the vertical burning test with an LOI of 28.9%. With 15 mass% PA@MEL loading, the composite significantly reduced the peak heat and smoke release by 60.6% and 54.3%, respectively, and CO2 and CO production rates by 45.9% and 43.0%, respectively. In addition, mechanical tests of the EP/PA@MEL composites demonstrate that PA@MEL has excellent mechanical properties in EP. This work establishes a sustainable strategy for manufacturing high-performance epoxy composites, overcoming the traditional trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The room-temperature curing capability and bio-based composition of PA@MEL make it particularly attractive for industrial applications.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
ISSN: 1388-6150
Year: 2025
Issue: 18
Volume: 150
Page: 14047-14063
3 . 0 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 2