The　temperature　rise　and　poor　temperature　consistency　of　battery　pack　in　the　air-cooled　structure　(ACS)　are　affected　by　the　outlet　(including　outlet　number,　position　and　width)　and　the　battery　spacing.　In　this　work,　a　novel　L1−i−j-type　ACS　is　designed　and　the　heat　dissipation　performance　is　analyzed　to　determine　the　outlet　number,　position　and　width.　Subsequently,　the　equal　difference　spacing　of　batteries　is　proposed　in　the　L1-type　to　investigate　the　cooling　effect.　Finally,　the　spacing　optimization　is　carried　out　with　the　equal　difference　spacing　as　the　reference.　The　results　show　that　L1−6−2-type　with　the　first,　second　and　third　out　width　of　w1　=　16　mm,　w2　=　6　mm　and　w3　=　10　mm　owns　better　cooling　performance.　Equal　difference　spacing　effectively　improves　the　cooling　performance　of　battery.　The　maximum　temperature,　temperature　difference　and　the　maximum　temperature　standard　deviation　of　the　optimized　system　respectively　achieves　a　9.44%,　10.66%　and　95.52%　reduction　compared　with　those　of　L1-type.　The　designed　L1−i−j-type　structure　in　this　work　provides　valuable　insights　for　the　battery　thermal　management　systems.　©　2025