Non-weldable　nickel-based　superalloys　fabricated　via　electron　beam　powder　bed　fusion　exhibit　pronounced　preferential　grain　growth　orientation,　resulting　in　significant　anisotropic　mechanical　behavior.　This　study　demonstrates　a　methodology　for　controlling　anisotropic　microstructures　in　Inconel　939　through　process　parameter　optimization,　specifically　by　modulating　EB-PBF　energy　density　to　tailor　mechanical　properties.　Electron　backscatter　diffraction　analysis　revealed　distinct　microstructural　characteristics:　the　lowest　energy　density　sample　(E1)　displayed　elongated　columnar　grains　with　strong　texture　(aspect　ratio　∼15.86),　while　the　highest　energy　density　sample　(E3)　contained　uniformly　oriented　near-equiaxed　grains　(aspect　ratio　∼3.94).　Transmission　electron　microscopy　characterization　of　tensile　specimens　indicated　that　along　the　parallel　building　direction,　E1　exhibited　extensive　dislocation　pile-ups　and　bypass　mechanisms.　With　increasing　energy　density,　E2　demonstrated　enhanced　dislocation　accumulation　with　partial　shearing　at　carbide　peripheries,　whereas　E3　showed　complete　dislocation　penetration　through　entire　carbide　strengthening　phases.　Tensile　testing　quantified　the　anisotropic　ultimate　tensile　strength　differentials:　348.7　MPa　for　E1,　130.4　MPa　for　E2,　and　47.6　MPa　for　E3.　Regarding　anisotropic　yield　strength　differences,　E2　exhibited　significantly　reduced　yield　strength　due　to　carbide　coarsening,　resulting　in　larger　anisotropy　differentials　compared　to　both　E1　and　E3　samples.　Nevertheless,　E1　and　E3　still　followed　the　trend　of　progressively　reduced　anisotropy.　The　results　establish　that　strategic　energy　density　control　enables　microstructural　isotropization　through　combined　grain　morphology　modification　and　optimization　of　dislocation-mediated　strengthening　mechanisms.　©　2025　Elsevier　B.V.