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Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled pure yttrium plate SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 60 (14) , 6387-6401 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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Abstract :

This study investigates the effects of different annealing parameters on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled pure yttrium plates using electron backscatter diffraction for the first time. With the increase of annealing temperature and time, the volume fraction of low-angle grain boundaries of hot-rolled pure yttrium plate decreases. While the intensity of the texture firstly decreases and then increases. During annealing at 600 degrees C, the {0002} pole density shifted from deviating from the normal direction (ND) by similar to 30 degrees to being in line with the ND as the annealing time increased, forming a typical basal texture. This can be attributed to its unique recrystallization mechanism. The strength and hardness of the as-annealed samples were significantly lower than that under the hot-rolled state, while the elongation increased when compared with the hot-rolled sample. The considerable mechanical properties of pure yttrium plate are obtained by hot rolling and following annealing at 600 degrees C for 1 h.

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GB/T 7714 Ruan, Wei , Luo, Linguang , Li, Jiajie et al. Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled pure yttrium plate [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE , 2025 , 60 (14) : 6387-6401 .
MLA Ruan, Wei et al. "Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled pure yttrium plate" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 60 . 14 (2025) : 6387-6401 .
APA Ruan, Wei , Luo, Linguang , Li, Jiajie , Deng, Liping , Wang, Chen , Chen, Junfeng et al. Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled pure yttrium plate . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE , 2025 , 60 (14) , 6387-6401 .
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Activation mechanism of multiple twin variants during uniaxial compression in pure titanium SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 1024 | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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The microstructure of commercially pure titanium subjected to uniaxial compression was meticulously analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) to investigate the variant activation behavior of {11-22} twins and {10-12} twins. The results reveal that the type and number of activated twin variants are strongly dependent on the loading direction-whether applied along the normal direction (ND) or the rolling direction (RD). Notably, loading along ND can activate up to five twin variants, and most are activated with low Schmid Factor (SF) rank but high SF value. The variation in the number of activated twin variants within a grain is influenced by factors such as grain size, the activation stress of twinning versus slip, and the orientation of the loading direction relative to the c-axis. SF value for two twinning systems ({11-22} twins and {10-12} twins) were systematically calculated in pure titanium as a function of the angle between the c-axis and the loading direction, which indicates that compression along a direction closely aligned with the c-axis has the potential to activate up to six variants of {11-22} twins simultaneously. In contrast, compression perpendicular to the c-axis tends to activate fewer {10-12} twin variants, with the twinning activation being highly sensitive to the degree of c-axis rotation.

Keyword :

EBSD EBSD Multiple-variants Multiple-variants Pure titanium Pure titanium Strain compatibility Strain compatibility Twinning Twinning

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GB/T 7714 Chen, Jingxian , An, Qiaojuan , Deng, Liping et al. Activation mechanism of multiple twin variants during uniaxial compression in pure titanium [J]. | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2025 , 1024 .
MLA Chen, Jingxian et al. "Activation mechanism of multiple twin variants during uniaxial compression in pure titanium" . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 1024 (2025) .
APA Chen, Jingxian , An, Qiaojuan , Deng, Liping , Ye, Peng , Wang, Chen , Chen, Junfeng et al. Activation mechanism of multiple twin variants during uniaxial compression in pure titanium . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2025 , 1024 .
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Improving Tb diffusion and magnetic properties in fine-grained NdFeB magnet by Zr addition SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 224 | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
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In this work, efficient grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb can be achieved in fine-grained sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet through the addition of Zr. The magnets were prepared using Nd-Fe-B powder with an average particle size of 2.6 mu m. Compared with the magnet without Zr addition, the intrinsic coercivity of the Zr-added magnet increases by 3.55 kOe after GBD with the increment of 15.0 %, and the squareness of the demagnetization curve is improved by 5.7 %. The Zr element can combine with the C element in the magnet to form block-like ZrC precipitates, which inhibits the formation of harmful rare-earth carbon phase and reduces the ineffective depletion of rare earth elements. In addition, the Zr element can also combine with the B element to form needle-like ZrB2 precipitates. The consumption of B element increases the volume fraction of RE-rich phase, thus providing more liquid-phase channels for the diffusion of Tb. The ZrC and ZrB2 precipitates distributed at the grain boundary (GB) can broaden the width of the GB phase, which not only provide broader channels for Tb diffusion, but also improve the magnetic isolation of the main phase grains. By the addition of Zr, the diffusion depth of Tb in the magnet is increased. Meanwhile, the accumulation of Tb on the diffusion surface of the magnet reduces significantly, and the thin and uniform Tb-rich shell is formed on the exterior of the main phase grains in the magnet.

Keyword :

Fine-grain Fine-grain Grain boundary diffusion Grain boundary diffusion Intrinsic coercivity Intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets Nd-Fe-B magnets Zr addition Zr addition

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GB/T 7714 Su, Wenze , Lu, Jiahao , Xiao, Lei et al. Improving Tb diffusion and magnetic properties in fine-grained NdFeB magnet by Zr addition [J]. | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 224 .
MLA Su, Wenze et al. "Improving Tb diffusion and magnetic properties in fine-grained NdFeB magnet by Zr addition" . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 224 (2025) .
APA Su, Wenze , Lu, Jiahao , Xiao, Lei , Fu, Gang , Shi, Dawei , Wang, Chen et al. Improving Tb diffusion and magnetic properties in fine-grained NdFeB magnet by Zr addition . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 224 .
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Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloy by constrained groove pressing and aging treatments SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 938 | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
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In this work, the Cu-Ni-Si alloy sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm were prepared by constrained groove pressing (CGP) and aging treatments. The results show that the combination of CGP and aging treatments can simultaneously improve the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of alloy. The sample subjected to 10 passes of CGP treatment and aged at 460 degrees C for 1 h exhibits optimal comprehensive properties, with a hardness of 234.8 HV, an ultimate tensile strength of 773.5 MPa, an electrical conductivity of 38.1 %IACS, and a favorable breaking elongation of 15.7 %. Compared to the peak-aged sample without CGP treatment, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and electrical conductivity increase by 12.4 %, 15.1 % and 5.5 %, respectively. The CGP treatment can refine the grain size of alloy and increase the dislocation density, thereby promoting the precipitation of solute atoms during the aging process. The aged sample subjected to CGP treatment has a higher quantity of S-Ni2Si precipitates, and the formation of Ni3Si2 precipitates is inhibited. After aging treatment, the proportion of E3 grain boundary increases in the sample subjected to CGP treatment. Compared to random grain boundaries, the adjacent grains on both sides of E3 grain boundaries have a smaller Schmid factor mismatch, which helps to improve intergranular deformation compatibility. Moreover, the scattering effect of E3 grain boundaries on electrons is smaller. Therefore, the higher proportion of E3 grain boundary can improve the ductility and electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si alloy.

Keyword :

Constrained groove pressing Constrained groove pressing Cu-Ni-Si alloy Cu-Ni-Si alloy E3 grain boundary E3 grain boundary Electrical conductivity Electrical conductivity Mechanical properties Mechanical properties

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GB/T 7714 Yang, Haoren , Fan, Yachang , Zhou, Jianhui et al. Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloy by constrained groove pressing and aging treatments [J]. | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2025 , 938 .
MLA Yang, Haoren et al. "Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloy by constrained groove pressing and aging treatments" . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 938 (2025) .
APA Yang, Haoren , Fan, Yachang , Zhou, Jianhui , Shi, Bingbing , Chen, Junfeng , Lin, Na et al. Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloy by constrained groove pressing and aging treatments . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2025 , 938 .
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Effects of Hf addition on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-P alloy SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 33 , 2981-2988 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
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In this paper, the effects of Hf addition on the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and microstructure of Cu-Sn-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the Hf addition can enhance the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-Sn-P alloy. The alloy with 0.05 wt% Hf exhibits the best comprehensive performance with yield strength of 625 MPa, tensile strength of 661 MPa and electrical conductivity of 16.8 %IACS. Compared with the Cu-Sn-P alloy without Hf addition, the yield strength and tensile strength are increased by 8.4% and 7.8%, and the electrical conductivity is increased by 24.4%. The increase in the strength of Hf-added alloy can be attributed to the synergistic effect of multiple strengthening mechanisms, including fine grain strengthening, twin strengthening, dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening and Sigma 3n (n = 1, 2, 3) grain boundary strengthening. Moreover, the Hf-P precipitates can be observed in the Hf-added alloy. According to the amount of Hf addition, these precipitates can manifest as the fine HfP2 phase and the coarse HfP phase. The formation of Hf-P precipitates contributes to the precipitation strengthening and the purification of Cu matrix, thus contributing to the improvement of strength and conductivity.

Keyword :

Cu-Sn-P Cu-Sn-P Electrical conductivity Electrical conductivity Hf element Hf element Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure

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GB/T 7714 Wei, Biao , Yang, Haoren , Wang, Chen et al. Effects of Hf addition on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-P alloy [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 : 2981-2988 .
MLA Wei, Biao et al. "Effects of Hf addition on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-P alloy" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 33 (2024) : 2981-2988 .
APA Wei, Biao , Yang, Haoren , Wang, Chen , Zhou, Jianhui , Xiao, Lei , Ma, Tianyu et al. Effects of Hf addition on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-P alloy . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 , 2981-2988 .
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Effect of Loading Direction on Tensile-Compressive Mechanical Behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr Alloy with Heterogeneous Grains SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 14 (10) | CRYSTALS
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The tension-compression yield asymmetry caused by the strengthening of Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloy due to extrusion deformation is an important issue that must be addressed in its application. In this study, the effects of loading direction on the tensile and compressive mechanical behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr alloy were systematically investigated. As the loading angle (the angle between the loading direction and the extrusion direction) increases from 0 degrees to 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, the tensile yield strength decreases more significantly than the compressive yield strength. Consequently, the tension-compression yield asymmetry is gradually improved. Additionally, the ultimate compressive strength decreases more markedly than the ultimate tensile strength with the increment of the loading angle. In tensile tests conducted at 0 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees, two distinct stages of decreasing strain hardening rates are typically observed. For the 60 degrees and 90 degrees tensile tests, one unusual ascending stage of strain hardening rate is observed. For all compressive tests, three stages of strain hardening are consistently noted; however, the increment in strain hardening rate caused by {10-12} extension twinning decreases with the increasing loading angle. A model combining loading angle and Schmid factor distribution was established. The calculated results indicate that the dominant deformation modes during the yielding process also vary significantly with the loading conditions. This clarification highlights the differences in yield strength variations between tension and compression. Finally, an analysis of the plane trace and crack propagation direction near the fracture surface reveals the fracture mechanisms associated with tensile and compressive tests at different loading directions. This study promotes understanding of the mechanical behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr alloy under different loading directions, and helps to thoroughly elucidate the anisotropic effects of texture on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.

Keyword :

fracture mechanism fracture mechanism heterogeneous grains heterogeneous grains magnesium alloy magnesium alloy strain hardening strain hardening tensile and compressive strength tensile and compressive strength

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GB/T 7714 Chen, Jieming , Xiao, Lei , Wang, Xuefang et al. Effect of Loading Direction on Tensile-Compressive Mechanical Behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr Alloy with Heterogeneous Grains [J]. | CRYSTALS , 2024 , 14 (10) .
MLA Chen, Jieming et al. "Effect of Loading Direction on Tensile-Compressive Mechanical Behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr Alloy with Heterogeneous Grains" . | CRYSTALS 14 . 10 (2024) .
APA Chen, Jieming , Xiao, Lei , Wang, Xuefang , Li, Zhuo , Wang, Chen , Wang, Bingshu et al. Effect of Loading Direction on Tensile-Compressive Mechanical Behaviors of Mg-5Zn-2Gd-0.2Zr Alloy with Heterogeneous Grains . | CRYSTALS , 2024 , 14 (10) .
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Effect of annealing temperature on the evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled 12Cr-ODS steel SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 30 , 4800-4812 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
WoS CC Cited Count: 2
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To achieve high thermal efficiency, today's nuclear reactor structures are exposed to higher temperatures and pressures, which requires the use of high-strength steels with specific properties, such as ODS steels. There is a need to clarify the evolution of the microstructure and properties of steels at elevated temperatures. This study systematically investigates the evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical property variations of 12CrODS steels after hot-rolling and subsequent annealing at 1000 degrees C and 1200 degrees C. The investigation utilizes optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction technique, and mechanical property measurements. The microstructure of hot-rolled samples shows a layered alternating distribution, which is distinguished by a notable presence of the alpha-fiber texture. Following annealing at 1000 degrees C, the martensite grains are smaller with a reduced hardness, while maintaining a strong alpha-fiber texture. After annealing at 1200 degrees C, there is a rapid increase in the growth of martensite grains, a significant rise in hardness, a reduction in the alpha-fiber texture characteristics, and an improvement in the gamma-fiber texture characteristics. Moreover, the maximum intensity of the alpha-fiber texture diminishes as the annealing temperature increases. The mechanical properties of the samples deteriorated after annealing at 1200 degrees C, which can be attributed to the coarse martensite grains and the texture components containing the {001} cleavage plane dominating the occurrence of brittle cleavage fracture. The 0.1Y sample after annealing at 1000 degrees C exhibits an excellent combination of strength (1458 MPa) and ductility (20.3%), which is owing to the unique heterogeneous grain structure and the evolution of favorable texture.

Keyword :

Annealing Annealing Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure characteristics Microstructure characteristics ODS steel ODS steel Texture Texture

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GB/T 7714 Li, Jiajie , Chen, Jingxian , You, Zhangjing et al. Effect of annealing temperature on the evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled 12Cr-ODS steel [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 30 : 4800-4812 .
MLA Li, Jiajie et al. "Effect of annealing temperature on the evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled 12Cr-ODS steel" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 30 (2024) : 4800-4812 .
APA Li, Jiajie , Chen, Jingxian , You, Zhangjing , Deng, Liping , Wang, Chen , Chen, Junfeng et al. Effect of annealing temperature on the evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled 12Cr-ODS steel . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 30 , 4800-4812 .
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Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm 2 Co 17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content SCIE CSCD
期刊论文 | 2024 , 193 , 178-186 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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Despite the high theoretical energy product and low material cost of Fe -rich 2:17 -type Sm-Co-Fe-CuZr magnets, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously achieve high energy product and high coercivity due to damaged cellular nanostructure, i.e. insufficient cell boundary precipitates. In this work, both high energy product ( -30.29 MGOe) and high coercivity ( -26.24 kOe) have been achieved in Fe -rich Sm 24.8 Co bal Fe 20.5 Cu 5.2 Zr x ( x wt%) magnets through optimizing Zr content. It reveals that raising Zr content from 1.5 wt% to 2.5 wt% can effectively refine the cellular nanostructure, which corresponds to an increased volume fraction of cell boundary precipitates. However, excess Zr content (e.g. above 2.5 wt%) leads to the formation of micron -sized Zr-rich Zr 6 Co 23 soft magnetic particles, weakening the hard magnetic performance. In particular, the high Zr-content (3.5 wt%) magnet exhibits strongly inhomogeneous chemistry as well as cellular nanostructure in the vicinity of micron -sized Zr 6 Co 23 particles (i.e. heterogeneous distribution of cell boundary precipitates), deteriorating both squareness factor and coercivity. As a result, the optimum magnetic property combination is achieved at an intermediate Zr concentration by balancing the contradictive effects between cell refinement and soft magnetic impurities. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Keyword :

Magnetic properties Magnetic properties Microstructure Microstructure Permanent magnets Permanent magnets

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GB/T 7714 Li, Jian , Fang, Minxia , Liu, Yao et al. Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm 2 Co 17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 193 : 178-186 .
MLA Li, Jian et al. "Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm 2 Co 17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 193 (2024) : 178-186 .
APA Li, Jian , Fang, Minxia , Liu, Yao , Song, Xin , Jia, Wentao , Gou, Junming et al. Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm 2 Co 17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 193 , 178-186 .
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Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm2Co17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content
期刊论文 | 2024 , 193 (26) , 178-186 | 材料科学技术(英文版)
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Despite the high theoretical energy product and low material cost of Fe-rich 2:17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,it is still a big challenge to simultaneously achieve high energy product and high coerciv-ity due to damaged cellular nanostructure,i.e.insufficient cell boundary precipitates.In this work,both high energy product(~30.29 MGOe)and high coercivity(~26.24 kOe)have been achieved in Fe-rich Sm24.8CobalFe20.5Cu5.2Zrx(x wt%)magnets through optimizing Zr content.It reveals that raising Zr con-tent from 1.5 wt%to 2.5 wt%can effectively refine the cellular nanostructure,which corresponds to an increased volume fraction of cell boundary precipitates.However,excess Zr content(e.g.above 2.5 wt%)leads to the formation of micron-sized Zr-rich Zr6Co23 soft magnetic particles,weakening the hard mag-netic performance.In particular,the high Zr-content(3.5 wt%)magnet exhibits strongly inhomogeneous chemistry as well as cellular nanostructure in the vicinity of micron-sized Zr6Co23 particles(i.e.heteroge-neous distribution of cell boundary precipitates),deteriorating both squareness factor and coercivity.As a result,the optimum magnetic property combination is achieved at an intermediate Zr concentration by balancing the contradictive effects between cell refinement and soft magnetic impurities.

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GB/T 7714 Jian Li , Minxia Fang , Yao Liu et al. Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm2Co17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content [J]. | 材料科学技术(英文版) , 2024 , 193 (26) : 178-186 .
MLA Jian Li et al. "Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm2Co17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content" . | 材料科学技术(英文版) 193 . 26 (2024) : 178-186 .
APA Jian Li , Minxia Fang , Yao Liu , Xin Song , Wentao Jia , Junming Gou et al. Enhanced magnetic performance of Fe-rich Sm2Co17-type magnets by optimizing Zr content . | 材料科学技术(英文版) , 2024 , 193 (26) , 178-186 .
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A Novel Precipitation-Strengthened Conductive Copper Alloy: Cu-Hf-Si Alloy SCIE
期刊论文 | 2023 , 25 (21) | ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
WoS CC Cited Count: 1
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The Cu-1.1 wt% Hf-0.1 wt% Si alloy containing various precipitates is studied as a novel precipitation-strengthened alloy with high strength and high electrical conductivity. The Cu-Hf-Si alloy prepared by solution, cold rolling, and aging processes exhibits a hardness of 238.92 HV, a tensile strength of 691.01 MPa, a breaking elongation of 15.09%, and an electrical conductivity of 62.34% International Annealed Copper Standard. The optimal peak aging parameter for Cu-Hf-Si alloy is 430 & DEG;C for 90 min. The precipitation of Hf and Si atoms from the Cu matrix is helpful to enhance the electrical conductivity. The precipitation of Hf can produce fibrous Guinier Preston zone and & gamma;' precipitate, as well as spherical Cu10Hf7 phases. In addition, the coprecipitation of Si and Hf can also produce Hf3(Cu2Si)2 and HfCuSi phases. The high strength of Cu-Hf-Si alloy is mainly due to the multiprecipitates synergistic strengthening. A novel precipitation-strengthened Cu-1.1 wt% Hf-0.1 wt% Si alloy with high strength and high electrical conductivity is prepared by solution, cold-rolling, and aging processes. The precipitation of Hf and Si atoms from the matrix is helpful to enhance the electrical conductivity. The high strength of Cu-Hf-Si alloy is mainly due to the multiprecipitates synergistic strengthening.image & COPY; 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH

Keyword :

aging aging Cu-Hf-Si alloys Cu-Hf-Si alloys electrical conductivity electrical conductivity mechanical properties mechanical properties precipitates precipitates

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GB/T 7714 Shi, Bingbing , Hong, Du , Wang, Wenweijiao et al. A Novel Precipitation-Strengthened Conductive Copper Alloy: Cu-Hf-Si Alloy [J]. | ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS , 2023 , 25 (21) .
MLA Shi, Bingbing et al. "A Novel Precipitation-Strengthened Conductive Copper Alloy: Cu-Hf-Si Alloy" . | ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 25 . 21 (2023) .
APA Shi, Bingbing , Hong, Du , Wang, Wenweijiao , Su, Longshui , Wang, Chen , Xiao, Lei et al. A Novel Precipitation-Strengthened Conductive Copper Alloy: Cu-Hf-Si Alloy . | ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS , 2023 , 25 (21) .
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