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学者姓名：杨丽阳
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Abstract ：
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very important in aquatic environments, yet it is challenging to characterize DOM as a highly complex mixture of thousands of molecules, and the knowledge of the effects of different degradation processes on different molecules remains limited. This study examined the distribution and degradation of DOM in a large subtropical river using optical techniques and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). At the molecular level, DOM was mainly composed of CHO and lignin-like compounds, which was related to the dominance of forestland in the watershed and resulted in a low biological lability index (MLBL). The modified aromaticity index (AImod), unsaturation degree (DBE), and humic content (HIX) decreased while MLBL, H/C, absorption spectral slope (S275–295), and biological index (BIX) increased in the estuarine zone due to the increasing autochthonous contribution. Photo- and microbial degradation resulted in a similar decrease in the bulk dissolved organic carbon, while they showed opposite effects on the DOM composition. Photo-degradation removed all fluorescent components and decreased molecular weight, HIX, AImod, DBE, %CHO, %lignin-like, %tannin-like, and %condensed aromatic-like compounds. In contrast, bio-degradation preferentially consumed lipid-like, protein-like, and carbohydrate-like compounds, with increases in %lignin-like, %tannin-like, %condensed aromatic-like compounds, and humic-like fluorescent components. Overall, the application of ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry provided valuable insights into the composition and behavior of DOM at the molecular level and revealed the contrasting effects of photo- and microbial degradation on different compounds. These results have implications for better understanding the composition and transformation of aquatic DOM. © 2024
Keyword ：
Aromatization Aromatization Cells Cells Glycosides Glycosides Phenols Phenols Unsaturated compounds Unsaturated compounds
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Yufan , Zhang, Wenyi , Fang, Futao et al. Deciphering the composition and degradation of dissolved organic matter in a large subtropical river using optical indices and high-resolution FT-ICR-MS [J]. | Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) , 2025 , 157 : 580-591 . |
| MLA | Wang, Yufan et al. "Deciphering the composition and degradation of dissolved organic matter in a large subtropical river using optical indices and high-resolution FT-ICR-MS" . | Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 157 (2025) : 580-591 . |
| APA | Wang, Yufan , Zhang, Wenyi , Fang, Futao , Zhang, Zhihao , Zhu, Zhuoyi , Yang, Liyang et al. Deciphering the composition and degradation of dissolved organic matter in a large subtropical river using optical indices and high-resolution FT-ICR-MS . | Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) , 2025 , 157 , 580-591 . |
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Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, L & oslash;nborg et al., 2023) compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP in coastal waters. These data are complemented by hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables (e.g. chlorophyll a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations of concentrations from all continents. However, most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in DOM measurements from the Southern Hemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62 338 data points for DOC, 20 356 for DON, and 13 533 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequence DOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focus on carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concentration in coastal waters (average +/- standard deviation (SD): 182 +/- 314 mu mol C L-1; median: 103 mu mol C L-1) is 13-fold higher than the average coastal DON concentration (13.6 +/- 30.4 mu mol N L-1; median: 8.0 mu mol N L-1), which is itself 39-fold higher than the average coastal DOP concentration (0.34 +/- 1.11 mu mol P L-1; median: 0.18 mu mol P L-1). This dataset will be useful for identifying global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and will help facilitate the reuse of DOC, DON, and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes; closing nutrient budgets; estimating carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pools; and establishing a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
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| GB/T 7714 | Lonborg, Christian , Carreira, Catia , Abril, Gwenael et al. A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1) [J]. | EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA , 2024 , 16 (2) : 1107-1119 . |
| MLA | Lonborg, Christian et al. "A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)" . | EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 16 . 2 (2024) : 1107-1119 . |
| APA | Lonborg, Christian , Carreira, Catia , Abril, Gwenael , Agusti, Susana , Amaral, Valentina , Andersson, Agneta et al. A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1) . | EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA , 2024 , 16 (2) , 1107-1119 . |
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The burial of sediment organic matter (SOM) in the estuary and shelf plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, it is challenging to determine the source, composition, and burial of SOM in the coastal sea, especially at the molecular level. This was explored in the coastal area outside the largest Yangtze River of China with multiple techniques including elemental and stable isotopic analysis, absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), and ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The end-member mixing analysis based on delta 13C and delta 15N showed a dominance of marine contribution (up to 70%) at most stations while the terrestrial contribution increased to >55% nearshore in summer at a high fluvial sediment flux. This was consistent with the offshore decreasing humic-like C1 and C2, humification index (HIX), %lignin-like compounds, and %CHO but increasing tryptophan-like C3, biological index (BIX), %protein-like compounds, and % CHOS from EEMs-PARAFAC and FT-ICR-MS analysis. The %clay correlated positively with SOM content, HIX, % lignin-like compounds, O/C, and modified aromaticity index (AImod) but correlated negatively with %C3, H/C, and the relative abundance of labile formulas (MLBL), while %silt showed contrasting correlations. These results indicated the fine clay sediments adsorbed more humified, aromatic, oxygenated, and terrestrial compounds that were probably more resistant to biodegradation and thus had a higher burial efficiency than those on the silty sediments. Principal component analysis based on SOM indices further revealed different characteristics of SOM in the nearshore, northern offshore, and southern offshore regions, which were probably dependent on the delivery by local current systems. Overall, these findings contributed to unraveling the source and molecular composition of SOM associated with different grain size sediments and local current delivery, which are fundamental for understanding the factors underlying carbon burial in the complex coastal environment.
Keyword ：
EEMs-PARAFAC EEMs-PARAFAC Estuary Estuary FT-ICR-MS FT-ICR-MS Sediment organic matter Sediment organic matter Stable isotope Stable isotope
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Wenyi , Wang, Yufan , Fang, Futao et al. Characterization of sediment organic matter in the outer Yangtze River Estuary using stable isotopes, optical techniques, and FT-ICR-MS: Implications for the carbon burial mechanism [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 267 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Wenyi et al. "Characterization of sediment organic matter in the outer Yangtze River Estuary using stable isotopes, optical techniques, and FT-ICR-MS: Implications for the carbon burial mechanism" . | WATER RESEARCH 267 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Wenyi , Wang, Yufan , Fang, Futao , Zhuang, Wan-E , Yang, Liyang , Zhu, Zhuoyi . Characterization of sediment organic matter in the outer Yangtze River Estuary using stable isotopes, optical techniques, and FT-ICR-MS: Implications for the carbon burial mechanism . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 267 . |
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important in determining the drinking water treatment and the supplied water quality. However, a comprehensive DOM study for the whole water supply system is lacking and the potential effects of secondary water supply are largely unknown. This was studied using dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation -emission matrices -parallel factor analysis (EEMPARAFAC). Four fluorescent components were identified, including humic-like C1-C2, tryptophan-like C3, and tyrosine -like C4. In the drinking water treatment plants, the advanced treatment using ozone and biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) was more effective in removing DOC than the conventional process, with the removals of C1 and C3 improved by 17.7%-25.1% and 19.2%-27.0%. The absorption coefficient and C1-C4 correlated significantly with DOC in water treatments, suggesting that absorption and fluorescence could effectively track the changes in bulk DOM. DOM generally remained stable in each drinking water distribution system, suggesting the importance of the treated water quality in determining that of the corresponding network. The optical indices changed notably between distribution networks of different treatment plants, which enabled the identification of changing water sources. A comparison of DOM in the direct and secondary water supplies suggested limited impacts of secondary water supply, although the changes in organic carbon and absorption indices were detected in some locations. These results have implications for better understanding the changes of DOM in the whole water supply system to help ensure the supplied water quality.
Keyword ：
Dissolved organic matter Dissolved organic matter Drinking water treatment Drinking water treatment Fluorescence excitation -emission matrices Fluorescence excitation -emission matrices Parallel factor analysis Parallel factor analysis Water supply system Water supply system
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| GB/T 7714 | Lin, Jinjin , Yang, Liyang , Zhuang, Wan-E et al. Tracking the changes of dissolved organic matter throughout the city water supply system with optical indices [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 358 . |
| MLA | Lin, Jinjin et al. "Tracking the changes of dissolved organic matter throughout the city water supply system with optical indices" . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 358 (2024) . |
| APA | Lin, Jinjin , Yang, Liyang , Zhuang, Wan-E , Wang, Yue , Chen, Xiaochen , Niu, Jia . Tracking the changes of dissolved organic matter throughout the city water supply system with optical indices . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 358 . |
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科学评估海湾养殖区的溶存甲烷(CH4)和海—气扩散通量分布对于认识渔业养殖活动对大气CH4的区域性贡献具有重要意义.基于2023年4个季度现场考察,研究了福建省典型养殖海湾——三沙湾各季度、不同养殖区域表层海水的溶存CH4浓度、海—气扩散通量分布特征及影响因素,评估了海湾渔业养殖活动对大气CH4浓度变化的贡献.结果表明,海湾表层水体溶存CH4浓度为9.91～609.22 nmol/L,海—气扩散通量为3.46～1 188.15 μmol/(m2·d),CH4海—气扩散通量表现为夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季.三沙湾内溶存CH4浓度及海—气扩散通量空间分布趋势一致,总体呈现由河口向湾口降低的趋势,CH4高值区域出现在养殖活动频繁的河口养殖区站位,其次为中部养殖区和东部养殖区,湾口养殖区为监测最低值区域.对三沙湾养殖区域的表层海水溶存CH4浓度、海—气扩散通量的时空分布特征及环境因素相关性分析表明,渔业养殖活动及陆源径流输入共同调控着海湾内CH4的时空分布格局.大型藻类养殖期间,养殖区域水体溶存CH4浓度、通量低于非大型藻类养殖期;夏季是CH4释放的高峰,这与鱼类养殖活动增多和丰水期径流输入密切相关.养殖海域的溶存CH4浓度及海—气扩散通量研究可为养殖业CH4控制减排提供科学支撑.
Keyword ：
三沙湾 三沙湾 时空分布 时空分布 水产养殖 水产养殖 海—气扩散通量 海—气扩散通量 溶存甲烷 溶存甲烷 环境因子 环境因子
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| GB/T 7714 | 雷灵逸 , 王飞鹏 , 臧昆鹏 et al. 中国东南沿海典型养殖海湾:三沙湾海—气界面甲烷扩散通量及影响因素研究 [J]. | 地球科学进展 , 2024 , 39 (11) : 1156-1168 . |
| MLA | 雷灵逸 et al. "中国东南沿海典型养殖海湾:三沙湾海—气界面甲烷扩散通量及影响因素研究" . | 地球科学进展 39 . 11 (2024) : 1156-1168 . |
| APA | 雷灵逸 , 王飞鹏 , 臧昆鹏 , 吕小龙 , 张智 , 杨丽阳 et al. 中国东南沿海典型养殖海湾:三沙湾海—气界面甲烷扩散通量及影响因素研究 . | 地球科学进展 , 2024 , 39 (11) , 1156-1168 . |
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Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) constitutes the most labile fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which also functions as a source of CO2 emissions from inland waters. However, no systematic review is available on DOM indicators of BDOC and CO2 production potential. Optical and molecular indices can be used to track small changes in DOM composition during biodegradation. In this review, we identified four different methods for measuring BDOC together with their strengths and limitations. In addition, we discuss the potential of using documented optical indices based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular indices based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry as proxies for estimating BDOC and biodegradationinduced CO2 production based on previously reported relationships in the literature. Many absorbance- and fluorescence-based indices showed inconsistent relationships with BDOC depending on watershed characteristics, hydrology, and anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, several indices, including specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), humification index (HIX), and terrestrial humic-like fluorescent DOM (FDOM) components, tended to have negative relationships with BDOC in tropical and temperate watersheds under baseflow or drought periods. Protein-like FDOM exhibited the strongest correlation with BDOC in different systems, except during storms and flood events. Despite the limited number of studies, DOM molecular indices exhibited consistent relationships with BDOC, suggesting that the relative abundance of aliphatic formulas and the molecular lability index could act as reliable proxies. The DOM optical indices explain up to 96% and 78% variability in BDOC and CO2, respectively; nonetheless, there were limited studies on molecular indices, which explain up to 74% variability in BDOC. Based on literature survey, we recommend several sensitive indices such as SUVA254, HIX, and terrestrial humic- and protein-like FDOM, which could be useful indicators of BDOC and dissolved CO2 in inland water. Future research should incorporate a wider range of geographic regions with various land use, hydrology, and anthropogenic disturbances to develop system- or condition-specific DOM optical or molecular proxies for better prediction of BDOC and CO2 emissions.
Keyword ：
Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon CO 2 emissions CO 2 emissions Dissolved organic matter Dissolved organic matter Fluorescence Fluorescence FT-ICR-MS FT-ICR-MS
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| GB/T 7714 | Begum, Most Shirina , Park, Ji-Hyung , Yang, Liyang et al. Optical and molecular indices of dissolved organic matter for estimating biodegradability and resulting carbon dioxide production in inland waters: A review [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2023 , 228 . |
| MLA | Begum, Most Shirina et al. "Optical and molecular indices of dissolved organic matter for estimating biodegradability and resulting carbon dioxide production in inland waters: A review" . | WATER RESEARCH 228 (2023) . |
| APA | Begum, Most Shirina , Park, Ji-Hyung , Yang, Liyang , Shin, Kyung Hoon , Hur, Jin . Optical and molecular indices of dissolved organic matter for estimating biodegradability and resulting carbon dioxide production in inland waters: A review . | WATER RESEARCH , 2023 , 228 . |
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very important in determining the speciation, behaviors, and risk of metal pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Photochemical and microbial degradation are key processes in the cycling of DOM, yet their effects on the DOM-Pb(II) interaction remain largely unknown. This was studied by examining the complexation of river DOM with Pb(II) after degradation, using fluorescence quenching titration and excitationemission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC). Three humic-like and two protein-like components were identified, with strong removals of humic-like components and decreasing average molecular weight and humification degree of DOM by photo- and photo-microbial degradation. The changes in humic-like abundance and structure resulted in notable weakening of their interaction with Pb(II). The tryptophan-like C2 was also mainly removed by photo-degradation, while the tyrosine-like C3 could be either removed or accumulated. The Pb(II)-binding of protein-like components was generally weaker but was enhanced in some degradation groups, which might be related to the lowering competition from humic-like components. The binding parameters correlated significantly with the DOM indices, which were dominated by photo-degradation for humic-like components but by seasonal variations for the tyrosine-like component. These results have implications for understanding the key mechanisms underlying the variability of the DOM-metal interaction in aquatic environments.
Keyword ：
Dissolved organic matter Dissolved organic matter EEMs-PARAFAC EEMs-PARAFAC Microbial degradation Microbial degradation Pb(II) Pb(II) Photo-degradation Photo-degradation
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Liyang , Chen, Linwei , Zhuang, Wan-E et al. Unveiling changes in the complexation of dissolved organic matter with Pb (II) by photochemical and microbial degradation using fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION , 2023 , 341 . |
| MLA | Yang, Liyang et al. "Unveiling changes in the complexation of dissolved organic matter with Pb (II) by photochemical and microbial degradation using fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC" . | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 341 (2023) . |
| APA | Yang, Liyang , Chen, Linwei , Zhuang, Wan-E , Zhu, Zhuoyi . Unveiling changes in the complexation of dissolved organic matter with Pb (II) by photochemical and microbial degradation using fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC . | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION , 2023 , 341 . |
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Numerical models are of fundamental usage for estuarine and coastal sciences. Although numerical simulations are widely applied, analyzing and improving them are often challenging tasks given their large volume and huge parameter space. In this study, a novel data-driven framework is introduced to study the Minjiang River Plume (MJRP). The framework combines Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering with a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). A three-dimensional Regional Ocean Model System for MJRP is first configurated with realistic atmospheric, oceanic, and riverine forcings. By applying SOM clustering to the modeled sea surface salinity (SSS) with similar to 2,000 2-day averaged records from 2010 to 2020, we identify six major patterns of MJRP. Each pattern exhibits distinct circulation and plume structures. These MJRP patterns contain not only seasonal signals, but also rich short-term variabilities driven by the riverine inputs and oceanic dynamics. Then, the SOM-HMM method was applied to predict the future of the hidden state (i.e., patterns of MJRP) from the observable states (wind and river runoff). With a hypothetic SSS product from a geostationary satellite as the ground truth, we show that the SOM-HMM method can predict MJRP patterns considerably high prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. Further, these patterns were translated back to SSS with high forecast skills. Combining a conventional numerical model with a data-driven method, this approach can be promisingly applied in the short-term marine forecast to support the utilization and management of other estuaries.
Keyword ：
Hidden Markov Model Hidden Markov Model Minjiang River Plume Minjiang River Plume Regional Ocean Model System Regional Ocean Model System Self-Organizing Map Self-Organizing Map
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Wenfang , Wang, Jian , Jiang, Yuwu et al. Data-Driven Method With Numerical Model: A Combining Framework for Predicting Subtropical River Plumes [J]. | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS , 2022 , 127 (3) . |
| MLA | Lu, Wenfang et al. "Data-Driven Method With Numerical Model: A Combining Framework for Predicting Subtropical River Plumes" . | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS 127 . 3 (2022) . |
| APA | Lu, Wenfang , Wang, Jian , Jiang, Yuwu , Chen, Zhaozhang , Wu, Wenting , Yang, Liyang et al. Data-Driven Method With Numerical Model: A Combining Framework for Predicting Subtropical River Plumes . | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS , 2022 , 127 (3) . |
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The land-ocean aquatic continuum is affected notably by damming, yet the effects of changing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and optical properties in the reservoir zone of dammed rivers on the downstream waterbodies remain unclear. This was studied in the Minjiang River (SE China) in the normal, wet, and dry seasons, using the measurements of DOC, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC). The DOC and absorption spectral slope (S275-295) increased while the absorption coefficient (a280) and DOC-specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) decreased in the surface water of the reservoir. This indicated removals of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and potential additions of autoch-thonous constituents with lower aromaticity and molecular weight. The discharge of more humified DOC from the middle and deep outlets of the reservoir was evident in the adjacent downstream station in the wet season. The DOC and optical indices were generally stable in the downstream river zone in the normal and dry seasons, suggesting that these signals from the reservoir could persist downstream. In contrast, the downstream DOC and CDOM showed evident additions in the wet season, which might be related to enhanced inputs from the sur-rounding soils and residential areas in the rainy and hot summer. The absorption coefficient and humic-like components correlated strongly with salinity in the estuarine zone, indicating they were mainly conservative in the estuary of this study. This suggested that the refractory DOC from the reservoir and river zones could pass the estuary and contribute to the carbon storage in the coastal ocean. In contrast, the protein-like components did not correlate significantly with salinity, indicating more active modifications of labile constituents in the estuary. Overall, our results have implications for assessing the effects of damming on DOC and optical properties across the land-ocean aquatic continuum.
Keyword ：
Absorption spectroscopy Absorption spectroscopy Dissolved organic matter Dissolved organic matter EEMs-PARAFAC EEMs-PARAFAC Estuary Estuary Reservoir Reservoir River River
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhuang, Wan-E , Chen, Wei , Yang, Liyang . Coupled effects of dam, hydrology, and estuarine filtering on dissolved organic carbon and optical properties in the reservoir-river-estuary continuum [J]. | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY , 2022 , 617 . |
| MLA | Zhuang, Wan-E et al. "Coupled effects of dam, hydrology, and estuarine filtering on dissolved organic carbon and optical properties in the reservoir-river-estuary continuum" . | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 617 (2022) . |
| APA | Zhuang, Wan-E , Chen, Wei , Yang, Liyang . Coupled effects of dam, hydrology, and estuarine filtering on dissolved organic carbon and optical properties in the reservoir-river-estuary continuum . | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY , 2022 , 617 . |
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Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays important roles in aquatic environments, and its optical properties provide a series of indices for evaluating the source and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, little is known about the varying photodegradation of CDOM from different sources and the effects on the optical indices of DOM composition. This was studied for typical natural and anthropogenic sources (plant and leaf litter leachates, the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant, and a river). The CDOM absorption (a(280)) showed a lower degradability for the plant leachate than other sources, mainly due to its low molecular weight and aromaticity. Four fluorescent components were identified with excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), namely benzoic acid/monolignol-like C1, humic-like C2 and C3, and tryptophan-like C4. The plant leachate contained mainly C1, which was photodegraded moderately, while other sources had more C2 and C3 with higher photodegradability. C4 was photodegraded in most sources but was photoproduced in the leaf litter leachate. The absorption slope (S275-295) and slope ratio (S-R) increased while the humification index (HIX) decreased, suggesting a decreasing molecular weight and humic content by photodegradation. This was consistent with the decreasing %C2 and %C3 but increasing %C4, which indicated preferential removal of humic-like components. The %C1, %C2, biological index (BIX), and fluorescence index (FI) were less affected by photodegradation than other indices for most sources. These results have implications for a better understanding of the photochemistry of CDOM and the applications of optical indices.
Keyword ：
absorption spectroscopy absorption spectroscopy CDOM CDOM fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC photodegradation photodegradation
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhuang, Wan-E , Chen, Wei , Yang, Liyang . Effects of Photodegradation on the Optical Indices of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter from Typical Sources [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (21) . |
| MLA | Zhuang, Wan-E et al. "Effects of Photodegradation on the Optical Indices of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter from Typical Sources" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 19 . 21 (2022) . |
| APA | Zhuang, Wan-E , Chen, Wei , Yang, Liyang . Effects of Photodegradation on the Optical Indices of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter from Typical Sources . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (21) . |
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