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Decomposition Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Ti-TiO2 Material in Selective Laser Melting Process SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
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Abstract :

This study investigated the fabrication of a strengthened Ti-TiO2 material with adding 0.5 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles via selective laser melting process in comparison with CP-Ti. Through the process parameters optimized by response surface methodology, the Ti-TiO2 material fabricated by SLM showed remarkable tensile strength of 800.6 MPa and elongation of 14%, as compared to the fabricated CP-Ti with tensile strength of 594.0 MPa and elongation of 21%. The x-ray diffraction patterns of fabricated specimens showed the expansion of the hcp-Ti lattice along the c-axis due to dissolved oxygen atoms from the decomposition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The microstructure analysis observed remains of incompletely decomposed TiO2 and TiO phases in SLMed Ti-TiO2 material, which was distinguished from former studies. Consequently, the decomposition behavior of added TiO2 nanoparticles associated with the dissolved oxygen in the Ti-matrix during the SLM process was discussed. Based on the evaluation of both the solution effect of oxygen atoms and the reinforcing effect of undecomposed nanoparticles, the dissolved oxygen from decomposed TiO2 was considered the primary factor in the intensified strength of SLMed Ti-TiO2 material. These results could offer novel insights into the additive manufacturing of high-strength and biocompatible titanium alloy via the SLM process.

Keyword :

additive manufacturing additive manufacturing biomaterials biomaterials composites composites metallic matrix metallic matrix strengthening mechanism strengthening mechanism titanium titanium

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GB/T 7714 Xiang, Hongliang , Chen, Xiaoyu , Huang, Ye et al. Decomposition Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Ti-TiO2 Material in Selective Laser Melting Process [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE , 2025 .
MLA Xiang, Hongliang et al. "Decomposition Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Ti-TiO2 Material in Selective Laser Melting Process" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE (2025) .
APA Xiang, Hongliang , Chen, Xiaoyu , Huang, Ye , Wu, Chaochao , Mou, Gang , Zheng, Kaikui . Decomposition Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Ti-TiO2 Material in Selective Laser Melting Process . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE , 2025 .
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Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 221 | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
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The laminated carbon-nanotubes/Cu (CNTs/Cu) composites were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and hot rolling to achieve a good combination of properties. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity were investigated, and the strengthening mechanism was discussed. Results indicated that functional groups were introduced onto the surface of CNTs after acid treatment, enabling the formation of an optimal CNT deposition morphology on the Cu matrix at an electrophoretic deposition voltage of 75 V. The sintered CNTs/Cu composite exhibits a laminated structure with coarse grains and randomly distributed textures. Compared to sintered pure Cu, the sintered composite demonstrates a 42.07 % increase in tensile strength and a 17.8 % improvement in elongation. And the electrical conductivity reaches 93.05 % of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). Subsequent hot rolling refined the grains and reoriented the texture to deformation textures. The hot-rolled composites achieve a tensile strength of 355 MPa, an elongation of 12.2 %, and a conductivity of 85.53 % IACS. The strengthening mechanisms of CNTs/Cu composites involve grain refinement, load transfer, and thermal mismatch strengthening, with grain refinement as the primary factor. Grain refinement, crack deflection, and bridging-pullout of CNTs are mainly responsible for the good combination of strength, ductility and electrical conductivity.

Keyword :

Carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites Carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites Electrophoretic deposition Electrophoretic deposition Laminated structure Laminated structure Microstructure Microstructure Strengthening Strengthening

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GB/T 7714 Wu, Hanqun , Deng, Liping , Pan, Xincheng et al. Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites [J]. | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 221 .
MLA Wu, Hanqun et al. "Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites" . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 221 (2025) .
APA Wu, Hanqun , Deng, Liping , Pan, Xincheng , Wang, Bingshu , Xiang, Hongliang . Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 221 .
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Unveiling the critical role of crystal orientation in the incipient behavior of FCC FeNiCr multi-principal element alloy EI
期刊论文 | 2025 , 297-298 | International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
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The initial behavior of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) is crucial to understanding their deformation mechanism. However, its orientation dependence remains poorly understood. The initial plastic behavior of three typical crystal planes (100), (110) and (111) of FeNiCr MPEA was investigated by nanoindentation experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our novel findings reveal that the initial plastic behavior of FeNiCr MPEA is highly orientation-dependent. Specifically, the (111) plane has the highest initial yield load, and (110) plane exhibits the smallest width of displacement burst. This is related to the number of activated slip systems and the evolution behavior of dislocation structure under different crystal orientations. These differences would not lead to different incipient mechanisms and activation volumes. For the first time, MD simulations not only clarify that the dislocation nucleation load is the decisive factor for the initial yield load but also disclose that the incipient behavior of (111) orientation is more sensitive to the lattice distortion (LD). In addition, DFT results unravel that intrinsic LD promotes dislocation nucleation by triggering heterogeneous distribution of charge density. Finally, the orientation dependence of incipient behavior in FCC FeNiCr MPEA shares similarities with conventional metals and other FCC MPEAs, but differs from BCC MPEAs due to their distinct slip systems. The key findings of this paper deepen our understanding of the incipient behavior of MPEAs. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

Keyword :

Crystal lattices Crystal lattices Crystal orientation Crystal orientation Ternary alloys Ternary alloys

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GB/T 7714 Zhang, X.K. , Fan, J.T. , Xiang, H.L. et al. Unveiling the critical role of crystal orientation in the incipient behavior of FCC FeNiCr multi-principal element alloy [J]. | International Journal of Mechanical Sciences , 2025 , 297-298 .
MLA Zhang, X.K. et al. "Unveiling the critical role of crystal orientation in the incipient behavior of FCC FeNiCr multi-principal element alloy" . | International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 297-298 (2025) .
APA Zhang, X.K. , Fan, J.T. , Xiang, H.L. , Yan, J. , Li, W.P. , Zhao, W. et al. Unveiling the critical role of crystal orientation in the incipient behavior of FCC FeNiCr multi-principal element alloy . | International Journal of Mechanical Sciences , 2025 , 297-298 .
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Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 363 | MATERIALS LETTERS
WoS CC Cited Count: 1
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MC -type carbide -reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) coatings are additively manufactured by plasma transferred arc (PTA) on Q235 steel under different arc currents ranging from 120 A to 160 A. The microstructure, elemental distribution, hardness, and wear resistance of MMCs coatings are studied. The results show that the MMCs coating possesses a high hardness up to 1112.1 HV 1.0 , 30.3 % volume fraction of carbides, and excellent wear resistance when PTA main arc current is 140 A. The mechanical performance improvement is in that the MMCs coatings manufactured at 140 A have the highest density of finer fishbone-shaped carbides and favorable size uniformity, compared with other main arc currents.

Keyword :

Additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing Coating Coating Metal matrix composite Metal matrix composite Plasma transferred arc Plasma transferred arc Wear Wear

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GB/T 7714 Li, Shang , Zhou, Chuhao , Li, Beibei et al. Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating [J]. | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 363 .
MLA Li, Shang et al. "Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating" . | MATERIALS LETTERS 363 (2024) .
APA Li, Shang , Zhou, Chuhao , Li, Beibei , Dong, Xuanpu , Xiang, Hongliang , Qin, Shiying et al. Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating . | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 363 .
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Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 33 , 2113-2124 | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
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Compared to duplex stainless steels (DSSs) prepared by traditional methods, specimens produced through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit excellent yield strength but lower elongation. To improve elongation, understanding microstructure evolution during uniaxial tensile testing is crucial. This study investigates the slip behavior, grain boundary evolution, and phase transformation of LPBF 2205 duplex stainless steel during tensile deformation using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show the formation of slip bands, which increase in number as loading stress rises. The primary slip systems activated are {110}<111> in ferrite and {111}<110> in austenite. In the ferrite phase, slip dislocations accumulate and generate low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), which evolve into high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), refining the grain structure. Numerous Sigma 3 annealing twins form in the austenite phase, but detwinning and twinning reduce Sigma 3 content as deformation processes. Ferrite and austenite exhibit good stability during the initial stages of tensile deformation. However, some austenite transforms into martensite through the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect at the final stages of deformation, which helps relieve stress concentration and delays material fracture. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing microstructure to improve the mechanical properties of LPBF materials.

Keyword :

2205 duplex stainless steel 2205 duplex stainless steel In-situ uniaxial tensile testing In-situ uniaxial tensile testing Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Phase transformation Phase transformation Slip behavior Slip behavior

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GB/T 7714 Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 : 2113-2124 .
MLA Zhao, Wei et al. "Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 33 (2024) : 2113-2124 .
APA Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming , Deng, Tingting , Zhang, Xiangkai , Lu, Yuemei et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 , 2113-2124 .
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Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 172 | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
WoS CC Cited Count: 6
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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of duplex stainless steel is a promising route to fabricate intricate parts with excellent mechanical properties. However, further understanding of build mechanisms is required to improve the process. This paper aims to better understand the influence of hatch distance on the densification behavior and figure out the correlation with microstructure and mechanical properties in LPBF of 2205 stainless steel. With the optimized laser power and scanning speed, the significant influence of hatch distance on the build quality is revealed. A hatch distance of 0.07 mm is selected for an even surface and dense part with a relative density of up to 99.13 %. The hatch distance has a crucial impact on the heat and mass transfer between tracks; hence, poor surface morphologies such as inter-track voids or swelling surfaces occur if an improper hatch distance is adopted. The optimal mechanical properties are also achieved. Specifically, the yield strength (0.2 YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) values are 896.8 MPa, 1035.13 MPa, and 15.34 %, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties can be ascribed to the coordination between high dislocation density, fine grain size, high CSL boundaries and LAGBs, and high relative density with few pores. This work can help improve the build quality and expand the application horizon of duplex stainless steel for manufacturing intricate components.

Keyword :

Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure Relative density Relative density Surface morphology Surface morphology

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GB/T 7714 Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Wu, Chaochao et al. Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion [J]. | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 172 .
MLA Zhao, Wei et al. "Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion" . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 172 (2024) .
APA Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Wu, Chaochao , Huangfu, Chengyang , Lu, Yanjin . Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 172 .
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Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 1010 | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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Ti-steel laminated metal composites have been widely used in shipbuilding and the chemical industry due to the superior corrosion resistance of Ti and the favorable mechanical properties of stainless steel. In this paper, Tisteel laminated metal composites without Ti-Fe IMCs have been fabricated by directed energy deposition-arc method using a Cu-Ni transition interlayer. Based on the analysis of microstructure analysis, the crosssectional microstructure can be divided into 304SS / Cu-Ni interface containing (Fe, Cr) and (Cu) solid solution, Cu-Ni deposition layer containing (Fe, Cr) and (Cu) solid solution, and TA2/Cu-Ni interface containing Ti2FeCu and Ti-Cu IMCs. Besides, the Cu-Ni deposition layer contains a small content of recrystallized grains with {100}<100> texture and a large content of deformed grains with{100}<110> texture due to the impact of arc and droplets during continuous depositions. Furthermore, the peak hardness is decreased to 518 Hv and the mean value of compressive shear strength is enhanced to 195.27 MPa, which can be attributed to the elimination of interfacial Ti-Fe IMCs, defect-free microstructure, and residual stress relief. Based on polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the corrosion resistance reduction of the cross-section is due to the formation of a mass of primary battery systems. Furthermore, based on the thermodynamics calculation of Fe-CuNi, Ti-Fe-Cu, and Ti-Ni-Cu ternary systems, the alloying mechanism is that Ti-based IMCs with lower Gibbs free energy will be formed instead of brittle Ti-Fe IMCs, resulting in the elimination of Ti-Fe IMCs and the formation of less brittle phases at both 304SS / Cu-Ni interface and TA2 / Cu-Ni interface.

Keyword :

Additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing Interfacial alloying Interfacial alloying Laminated metal composite Laminated metal composite Mechanical property Mechanical property Microstructure Microstructure

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GB/T 7714 Mou, Gang , Sheng, Haiyang , Zheng, Kaikui et al. Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer [J]. | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2024 , 1010 .
MLA Mou, Gang et al. "Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer" . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 1010 (2024) .
APA Mou, Gang , Sheng, Haiyang , Zheng, Kaikui , Xiang, Hongliang , Ren, Wenjie , Ding, Yuhan . Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2024 , 1010 .
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In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 901 | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
WoS CC Cited Count: 2
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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit excellent strength and plasticity compatibility. In this study, in -situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to investigate the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 DSSs fabricated by LPBF with heat treatment at 1050 degrees C for 1 h, including strain distribution behavior and mechanism of stress concentration release. The results indicate that the initial deformation of LPBF samples is primarily concentrated in the austenite phase. As the tension progresses, austenite gradually transitioned to hard orientation, and the strain in austenite can pass through the phase boundary into the ferrite grain. To coordinate the deformation, ferrite transitioned to soft orientation through rotation towards the slip systems of {110}<- 111> and {1-21}<111>. The stress concentration in ferrite can be alleviated by forming dislocation walls and cells through planar and cross-slip dislocations. In contrast, the stress concentration in austenite can be released by stacking faults and deformation twins. Compared to the as -cast samples, the yield strength of LPBF samples is improved from 472 +/- 13 to 641 +/- 17 MPa due to fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening. This study offers guidance for further enhancing the strength and plasticity of materials prepared by LPBF.

Keyword :

Deformation behavior Deformation behavior Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Microstructure evolution Microstructure evolution

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GB/T 7714 Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming et al. In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process [J]. | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2024 , 901 .
MLA Zhao, Wei et al. "In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process" . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 901 (2024) .
APA Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming , Zhang, Xiangkai , Wu, Chaochao . In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2024 , 901 .
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Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 177 | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
WoS CC Cited Count: 3
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The supportfree printing of overhanging structure arouses enormous interest for its advantages to eliminate the need for support removal and to improve the efficiency in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing. However, the improvement of down -facing surface quality remains a significant challenge, where an in-depth understanding of the formation of overhanging tracks is essential. This paper developed a multiphysics model of overhanging tracks in L-PBF to systematically investigate the formation mechanisms of key features such as discontinuity and dross, as well as their correlation with surface roughness. It reveals that there are two main causes of discontinuity of overhanging tracks: the coalescence and balling of the melt under low energy density, and the irregular sinking of melt pool at the overhanging edge. The high energy density could mitigate the occurrence of discontinuous tracks, but it might also lead to undesirable dross upon the complete penetration of the overhanging structure. The relationship between processing parameters, morphological defects and surface roughness were systematically discussed, which revealed the necessity to tailor processing parameters for different overhang angles to improve the down -facing surface quality. Furthermore, the significant correlation between the single-track morphology and the down -facing surface roughness has been demonstrated quantitatively, which proposed a practical way to predict the trend of the down -facing surface quality by single-track simulation. This could help improve the supportfree printing process in metal additive manufacturing.

Keyword :

Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Multi-physics modeling Multi-physics modeling Overhanging structure Overhanging structure Supportfree printing Supportfree printing Surface roughness Surface roughness

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GB/T 7714 Xiang, Hongliang , Zhou, Yulong , Zhang, Xiangkai et al. Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness [J]. | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 177 .
MLA Xiang, Hongliang et al. "Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness" . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 177 (2024) .
APA Xiang, Hongliang , Zhou, Yulong , Zhang, Xiangkai , Li, Jie , Huang, Ye , Mou, Gang et al. Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 177 .
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Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting SCIE
期刊论文 | 2023 , 94 , 1-9 | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
WoS CC Cited Count: 28
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Specimens of duplex stainless steel (DSS) fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) exhibit excellent strength but poor plasticity, which has limited their applications. To improve the plasticity and to achieve a strengthplasticity matching, the effect of the laser scanning speed on the density, phase, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 2205 DSS specimens fabricated via SLM is investigated. The results reveal that the molten metal is solidified according to the kinetic sequence L -> delta + L -> delta -> delta + gamma for the SLM forming process, and the sample is completely composed of the ferrite phase. The content of austenite cannot be effectively enhanced by a change in the laser scanning speed. The mechanical properties of the samples are primarily affected by the presence of pores. A scanning speed of S700 (700 mm/s) results in the formation of fewer pores, which gives rise to a high yield strength of 896.80 MPa but a poor plasticity of 15.34 %. Decreasing the scanning speed to below 700 mm/s reduces the yield strength, but it also significantly increases the elongation. The elongation of the specimens fabricated using a laser scanning speed of 500 mm/s increases to 23.09 %, and they exhibit excellent strengthplasticity matching. This increased elongation at lower scanning speeds is attributed to higher density, lower dislocation density, decreased number of grain boundaries and the higher proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of the specimens. Therefore, a significant decrease in the scanning speed can improve the plasticity of the specimens fabricated by the SLM method. By changing the laser scanning speed, the density, microstructure and mechanical properties can be optimized to further improve the plasticity of the specimens.

Keyword :

Densification Densification Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser scanning speed Laser scanning speed Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure Selective laser melting Selective laser melting

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GB/T 7714 Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Yu, Rongxin et al. Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting [J]. | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2023 , 94 : 1-9 .
MLA Zhao, Wei et al. "Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting" . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 94 (2023) : 1-9 .
APA Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Yu, Rongxin , Mou, Gang . Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2023 , 94 , 1-9 .
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