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学者姓名：饶峰
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Abstract ：
In this study, combination of wave absorption materials with different loss mechanisms are added into iron ore tailings-blast furnace slag (IOT-BFS) based geopolymers. The employed materials are hollow glass microsphere (HGM), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbonyl iron powder (CIP). Microstructures of the geopolymers are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and concrete porous structure analyzer. Conductivity and electromagnetic absorption property of the geopolymers are measured by a conductivity tester and a vector network analyzer (VNA). As increasing the content of wave absorption materials, compressive strength of the geopolymer decreased from 60.5 to 33.8 MPa. Compared with geopolymers containing HGM and CNT, wave absorption band below -5 dB of the geopolymers with HGM and CIP was wider, particularly at frequencies below 7 GHz, due to the synergism of space and magnetic loss. Its absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss less than -5 dB reaches 15.6 GHz. This study gives a clue for preparation of geopolymers with satisfactory electromagnetic wave absorption properties in the utilization as construction materials.
Keyword ：
Electromagnetic wave absorption Electromagnetic wave absorption Geopolymers Geopolymers Iron ore tailings Iron ore tailings Microstructure Microstructure
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tianyu , Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang et al. The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2025 , 268 . |
| MLA | Wang, Tianyu et al. "The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property" . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 268 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Tianyu , Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Jiang, Kaixi . The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2025 , 268 . |
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It is projected that by 2025, the quantity of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in China will reach the magnitude of one million units annually. The recycling of these spent LIBs is crucial as it can significantly reduce reliance on mineral resources and avert the environmental hazards associated with landfill disposal. However, the field still awaits a breakthrough in the theoretical and practical aspects of efficiently separating and recycling the cathode and anode materials from spent LIBs. Drawing from the most recent research on the separation and recovery of spent LIBs conducted both domestically and internationally, this paper provides a comprehensive review and summary of the processes and mechanisms involved in flotation, magnetic separation, and their combined process. It also generalizes the pretreatment techniques for spent LIBs, such as roasting, milling, and Fenton oxidation, and compares the merits of various pretreatment methods and the flotation chemistry used for LIBs. The text discusses the merits of flotation and magnetic separation in facilitating the damage-free recovery of spent LIBs. It is highlighted that the efficiency of recovery can be enhanced through the synergistic application of flotation and magnetic separation techniques. The aim of this paper is to consolidate the latest findings in the field and to propel the advancement of efficient separation and recovery methods for anode and cathode materials from spent LIBs.
Keyword ：
Flotation Flotation Magnetic separation Magnetic separation Pretreatment Pretreatment Separation and recovery Separation and recovery Spent lithium-ion batteries Spent lithium-ion batteries
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Pengfei , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng et al. Damage-Free Recovery of Cathode and Anode Materials from Spent Lithium Battery with Flotation and Magnetic Separation: A Review [J]. | JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY , 2025 , 11 (2) : 683-709 . |
| MLA | Ji, Pengfei et al. "Damage-Free Recovery of Cathode and Anode Materials from Spent Lithium Battery with Flotation and Magnetic Separation: A Review" . | JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY 11 . 2 (2025) : 683-709 . |
| APA | Ji, Pengfei , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Liu, Wenbiao . Damage-Free Recovery of Cathode and Anode Materials from Spent Lithium Battery with Flotation and Magnetic Separation: A Review . | JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY , 2025 , 11 (2) , 683-709 . |
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In this study, four N-containing collectors were compared systematically to study the flotation selectivity, froth layer stability and economic cost in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite. The adsorption of collectors were studied by zeta potential and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Froth stability of the slurries with collectors was characterized through froth image and water recovery analysis. The flotation of pure fluorapatite, quartz, mica and raw phosphate ore gave that oleyl amine (OA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecane amide (HEDA) had better selectivity than dodecyl amine (DDA). It was found that the physisorption of OA and HEDA associated with the silicate mineral surfaces through hydrophobic bonding to form hemimicelles. Interestingly in octyl-hydroxamic acid (OHA) flotation, the best selectivity in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite was obtained, because of the chemisorption of O atoms on Al atoms through chelating rings. For froth stability, OA and HEDA induced a denser froth layer than DDA. In OHA flotation slurry, the individual bubbles were larger and easier to coalesce, leading to the lowest water recoveries and froth stability. This study might provide a further understanding on the N-containing collectors in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite.
Keyword ：
Adsorption Adsorption Amine collector Amine collector Flotation Flotation Froth stability Froth stability Octyl-hydroxamic acid Octyl-hydroxamic acid
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Wenxuan , Liu, Wenbiao , Zheng, Yongming et al. The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite [J]. | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2025 , 230 . |
| MLA | Huang, Wenxuan et al. "The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite" . | MINERALS ENGINEERING 230 (2025) . |
| APA | Huang, Wenxuan , Liu, Wenbiao , Zheng, Yongming , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang , Jiang, Kaixi . The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite . | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2025 , 230 . |
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In this work, a novel electromagnetic wave absorption geopolymer was created with efficient utilization of two solid wastes iron tailings and blast furnace slag, meanwhile the mechanism and impacts of iron tailings content, water-solid ratio and specimen thickness on their electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical property were systematically investigated. It was found the pores, micro-cracks and unreacted particles in the specimens are benefitial for electromagnetic wave absorption but against to compressive strength, even though the compressive strength reaches 69.7 MPa with the iron tailings content 50% and water-solid ratio 0.4. The addition of iron tailings significantly enhances the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the geopolymers, and increasing iron tailings content improves the number of pores, micro-cracks and the permeability of geopolymers. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the geopolymer initially increase and then decrease with the increase of specimen thickness and water-solid ratio. With an iron tailings content 70%, water-solid ratio 0.4 and thickness 30 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth (< -5 dB) was optimized to 10.44 GHz with a minimum reflection loss of -13.34 dB. A new mechanism for electromagnetic absorption in iron tailings has been proposed, in which the electromagnetic wave absorption of geopolymers is mainly dominated by magnetic loss and spatial propagation loss. This study provides higher competitiveness and comprehensive utilisation of iron tailings in the field of electromagnetic wave absorbing building materials, and has great potential for applications in military and other fields affected by high electromagnetic wave frequencies.
Keyword ：
Geopolymers Geopolymers Iron tailings Iron tailings Microwave absorption Microwave absorption Reflectivity Reflectivity
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| GB/T 7714 | Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng et al. A novel electromagnetic wave absorption geopolymer originated from iron tailings and blast furnace slag [J]. | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 58 (1) . |
| MLA | Ning, Xuwen et al. "A novel electromagnetic wave absorption geopolymer originated from iron tailings and blast furnace slag" . | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 58 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Wang, Tianyu , Wu, Shengping , Huang, Hanhui . A novel electromagnetic wave absorption geopolymer originated from iron tailings and blast furnace slag . | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 58 (1) . |
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Oceans and saline soil environments strongly demand for concrete with high compressive strength and high chlorine salt corrosion resistance. Herein, a new preparation process of geopolymer concrete with high compressive strength and chlorine salt corrosion resistance was established, and the process was optimized by adjusting the water/cement ratio, the proportion of Na2O and the amount of fly ash. Mechanical properties tests show that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases with increase in Na2O proportion but decreases with increase in water/cement ratio and fly ash. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is as high as 96.20 MPa, when the water/cement ratio is 0.6, the proportion of Na2O is 0.12, and the amount of fly ash is 10%. This may be because the C-(A)-S-H gel makes the geopolymer concrete denser. At the same time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel results imply that the geopolymer concrete also has great chlorine salt corrosion resistance, the lowest weight loss rate of steel bar is only 0.06% after 240 h accelerated corrosion. The leaching tests indicate that at the same depth, the total and free chloride ions in geopolymer concrete are minimum and some chloride ions are combined. The high chlorine salt corrosion resistance could be attributed to the increase in C-(A)-S-H gel which refines the pore structure of concrete, improves concrete compactness and binds the chloride ions. This paper provides a new method for the high-quality utilization of solid waste and a potential clue for the preparation of high-performance concrete.
Keyword ：
Chloride ion corrosion Chloride ion corrosion Gel evolution Gel evolution Geopolymer Geopolymer High compressive strength High compressive strength
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Lang , Liu, Yumei , Wang, Xiaofei et al. The Preparation of BFS/FA-Based Geopolymers with High Compressive Strength and Anti-corrosion Property to Chloride [J]. | ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING , 2025 . |
| MLA | Yang, Lang et al. "The Preparation of BFS/FA-Based Geopolymers with High Compressive Strength and Anti-corrosion Property to Chloride" . | ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2025) . |
| APA | Yang, Lang , Liu, Yumei , Wang, Xiaofei , Wei, Jianbiao , Xiao, Degao , Rao, Feng . The Preparation of BFS/FA-Based Geopolymers with High Compressive Strength and Anti-corrosion Property to Chloride . | ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING , 2025 . |
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In civil engineering, both rapid setting and delayed setting are needed for various application scenarios. In order to regulate the setting time of concrete, the iron ore tailings-blast furnace slag (IOT-BFS)-based geopolymers were synthesized with a broad range of setting time and a high compressive strength in this study. The factors of iron ore tailings content, alkali content, liquid-solid ratio, and modulus of alkali activator on setting time of the geopolymers were analyzed. The setting times of geopolymers are tested by a manual Vicat apparatus, and their microstructure is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as that the hydration heat flow is characterized by an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter (TAM Air). It is found that setting time of the geopolymers was mostly affected by the modulus of alkaline activators due to the reasons that changes in modulus lead to the accelerated hydration reaction, formation of low-polymeric silicates, generation of gels, and encapsulation of precursor particles caused by high viscosity. Adjusting the modulus of the alkaline activator to 0.8 can control the initial setting time of the geopolymers to around 3 min. When the modulus ranges from 1-1.8, the initial setting time fell in the range of 15-45 min. For an alkaline activator modulus of 2, the initial setting time increased to 108 min. This study gives a clue for the preparation of geopolymers with adjustable setting times for multi-scenario applications in construction materials.
Keyword ：
gel evolution gel evolution geopolymer building materials geopolymer building materials iron ore and blast-furnace slag residues iron ore and blast-furnace slag residues microstructure of geopolymer microstructure of geopolymer rapid setting rapid setting setting time range setting time range waste-based geopolymer waste-based geopolymer
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tianyu , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang et al. Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers [J]. | GELS , 2024 , 10 (11) . |
| MLA | Wang, Tianyu et al. "Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers" . | GELS 10 . 11 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Tianyu , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang , Jiang, Kaixi , Lin, Nanan , Mo, Liwei . Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers . | GELS , 2024 , 10 (11) . |
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In this study, the structure and phase transition of kaolin lithium clay at different calcination temperatures were studied and discussed; subsequently, the effects of Li leaching with sulfuric acid under various factors were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that an optimal Li leaching rate of 81.1% could be achieved when kaolin lithium clay was calcined at 600 degrees C for 1 h, followed by leaching with 15.0% sulfuric acid at 80 degrees C for 2 h. The TG-DSC, XRD, and SEM analyses showed that the layered structure of the clay was not destroyed during the leaching and calcination processes. During the process of calcination, kaolinite was converted to metakaolinite via dehydroxylation. During the process of leaching, the Al on the surface of the metakaolinite was dissolved by sulfuric acid, resulting in the destruction of the Al-O structure; then, Li+ was exchanged for H+ to the surface of the mineral and entered the solution under the action of diffusion. The leaching kinetics showed that the leaching process was controlled by a diffusion model, and the activation energy (Ea) was 41.3 kJ/mol. The rapid extraction of Li from calcined kaolin lithium clay with sulfuric acid leaching offers a high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption strategy for the utilization of new lithium resources.
Keyword ：
calcination calcination kinetics kinetics leaching behavior leaching behavior lithium clay lithium clay sulfuric acid sulfuric acid
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Wenlin , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng et al. Efficient Extraction of Lithium from Calcined Kaolin Lithium Clay with Dilute Sulfuric Acid [J]. | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (4) . |
| MLA | Zhong, Wenlin et al. "Efficient Extraction of Lithium from Calcined Kaolin Lithium Clay with Dilute Sulfuric Acid" . | MINERALS 14 . 4 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhong, Wenlin , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Tong, Liangzhou , Feng, Haipeng . Efficient Extraction of Lithium from Calcined Kaolin Lithium Clay with Dilute Sulfuric Acid . | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (4) . |
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Geopolymers show great potential in complex wastewater treatment to improve water quality. In this work, general geopolymers, porous geopolymers and geopolymer microspheres were prepared by the suspension curing method using three solid waste products, coal gangue, fly ash and blast furnace slag. The microstructure, morphology and surface functional groups of the geopolymers were studied by SEM, XRD, XRF, MIP, FTIR and XPS. It was found that the geopolymers possess good adsorption capacities for both organic and inorganic pollutants. With methylene blue and potassium dichromate as the representative pollutants, in order to obtain the best removal rate, the effects of the adsorbent type, dosage of adsorbent, concentration of methylene blue and potassium dichromate and pH on the adsorption process were studied in detail. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the geopolymers for methylene blue and potassium dichromate was in the order of general geopolymers < porous geopolymers < geopolymer microspheres, and the removal rates were up to 94.56% and 79.46%, respectively. Additionally, the competitive adsorption of methylene blue and potassium dichromate in a binary system was also studied. The mechanism study showed that the adsorption of methylene blue was mainly through pore diffusion, hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic adsorption, and the adsorption of potassium dichromate was mainly through pore diffusion and redox reaction. These findings demonstrate the potential of geopolymer microspheres in adsorbing organic and inorganic pollutants, and, through five cycles of experiments, it is demonstrated that MGP exhibits excellent recyclability.
Keyword ：
adsorption capacity adsorption capacity competitive adsorption competitive adsorption geopolymer microspheres geopolymer microspheres mechanism mechanism
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| GB/T 7714 | Fang, Yi , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng et al. Behaviors and Mechanisms of Adsorption of MB and Cr(VI) by Geopolymer Microspheres under Single and Binary Systems [J]. | MOLECULES , 2024 , 29 (7) . |
| MLA | Fang, Yi et al. "Behaviors and Mechanisms of Adsorption of MB and Cr(VI) by Geopolymer Microspheres under Single and Binary Systems" . | MOLECULES 29 . 7 (2024) . |
| APA | Fang, Yi , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Zhang, Kaiming , Qin, Zhuolin , Song, Zhenguo et al. Behaviors and Mechanisms of Adsorption of MB and Cr(VI) by Geopolymer Microspheres under Single and Binary Systems . | MOLECULES , 2024 , 29 (7) . |
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Engineering muck (EM) in South China is a typical construction waste, which has a low utilization rate. After the thermal treatment, this study prepares the EM-based geopolymers and evaluates the CO2 emission. The calcined EM and the geopolymers were characterized through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that when the thermal treatment temperature was 850 degrees C, the dissolution of aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) was adequate, significantly enhancing the reactivity of geopolymerization and thus forming a geopolymer with dense structures and excellent mechanical properties. Notably, the compressive strength at 7 days for the geopolymer exceeded 50 MPa, and the cumulative pore volume and pore size distribution were both minimal. In addition, an environmental implication analysis revealed that the recycled geopolymers could reduce carbon emissions by approximately 11-65 kg CO2/t when compared to conventional concretes, contributing towards low-carbon goals. The findings of this study propose a more environmentally friendly strategy for the treatment of the EM, contributing to the advancement of sustainable solid waste utilization.
Keyword ：
Alkali activation Alkali activation Carbon emission Carbon emission Engineering muck Engineering muck Pore structure Pore structure Thermal treatment Thermal treatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Yuan, Bingxiang , Liang, Jingkang , Li, Xianwang et al. Sustainable utilization of clay minerals-rich engineering muck via alkali activation: Optimization of pore structure by thermal treatment [J]. | APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE , 2024 , 258 . |
| MLA | Yuan, Bingxiang et al. "Sustainable utilization of clay minerals-rich engineering muck via alkali activation: Optimization of pore structure by thermal treatment" . | APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE 258 (2024) . |
| APA | Yuan, Bingxiang , Liang, Jingkang , Li, Xianwang , Zhang, Baifa , Luo, Qingzi , Sabri, Sabri Mohanad Muayad et al. Sustainable utilization of clay minerals-rich engineering muck via alkali activation: Optimization of pore structure by thermal treatment . | APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE , 2024 , 258 . |
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This study aims to compare the effects of three calcium compounds on the workability, setting time and mechanical properties of red mud (RM)-blast furnace slag (BFS)-based geopolymers. The crystalline phase, hydration process and microstructure of RM-BFS-based geopolymers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), heat evolution, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The results showed that an appropriate amount of calcium compounds can improve the flowability and compressive strength of the geopolymers, but the excessiveness causes a decrease in strength due to rapid hardening. Other than calcium carbonate, both calcium oxide and calcium chloride played important roles in accelerating the setting times of RM-BFS-based geopolymers. The acceleration in the setting times of geopolymers could be attributed to the calcium hydroxide produced by the dissolution of the calcium compounds, which also provides nucleation sites for the geopolymerization reaction. This study gives new insights into the effect of calcium on the setting times and mechanical properties of geopolymers in the geopolymerization process.
Keyword ：
blast furnace slag blast furnace slag compressive strength compressive strength red mud geopolymer red mud geopolymer setting time setting time
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Yuxiang , Wu, Shengping , Huang, Hanhui et al. Effect of Calcium on the Setting Time and Mechanical Property of a Red Mud-Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer [J]. | MATERIALS , 2024 , 17 (17) . |
| MLA | Chen, Yuxiang et al. "Effect of Calcium on the Setting Time and Mechanical Property of a Red Mud-Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer" . | MATERIALS 17 . 17 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Yuxiang , Wu, Shengping , Huang, Hanhui , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang . Effect of Calcium on the Setting Time and Mechanical Property of a Red Mud-Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer . | MATERIALS , 2024 , 17 (17) . |
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