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学者姓名：蒋开喜
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Abstract ：
Germanium is one of the strategic scattering metals, and recovering a minor concentration of scattering metals from zinc concentrate's leaching solution is an essential resource worldwide. Practically, neutralizing precipitation and the subsequent dissolution are implemented to enrich scattering metals from zinc leaching solution, facilitating further extraction of Ge and others. Silicon poses significant challenges to the efficient extraction of Ge due to their similar chemical property and the inert nature of silica. However, the evolution of the Ge occurrence state, especially its relationship with Si, during the precipitation and dissolution process in zinc hydrometallurgy is unclear, and there is a lack of an effective method to separate Si/Ge. This paper started with a detailed characterization and leaching behavior of Ge-enriched residue obtained from the plant, followed by a systematic investigation of Ge behavior in synthetic Si/Ge binary and Fe/Si/Ge ternary systems. Eventually, options for Ge enrichment from zinc leaching solution and Si/Ge separation are recommended, providing a practical framework for mitigating the negative influence of Si on the extraction of Ge in zinc hydrometallurgy. The significant findings are that Ge/Si are both presumably co-adsorbed by Fe(OH)3 colloids upon neutralization to pH 5 of zinc leaching solution, which could be acid redissolved at the unrealistically high liquid-to-solid ratio of 200/1 at the practically meaningful liquid-to-solid ratio of 5/1, Si concentration is high enough to quickly condense and polymerize, resulting the formation of silica precipitate and permanent encapsulating of Ge into silica; interestingly, the Si-O-Ge bonding becomes weakened with pH increasing up to alkaline region and Ge leaching rate exceeding 80% at pH 10, effectively separating Ge from SiO2.
Keyword ：
Enrichment Enrichment Scattering metals Scattering metals Si/Ge separation Si/Ge separation Zinc hydrometallurgy Zinc hydrometallurgy
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Shizhe , Dong, Weinan , Zhao, Weisong et al. The evolution of Ge occurrence state and Si-Ge relationship during precipitation-dissolution enrichment to recover scattering metals from Zn concentrate leaching solution [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 368 . |
| MLA | Chen, Shizhe et al. "The evolution of Ge occurrence state and Si-Ge relationship during precipitation-dissolution enrichment to recover scattering metals from Zn concentrate leaching solution" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 368 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Shizhe , Dong, Weinan , Zhao, Weisong , Qiang, Wen , Chen, Xiangxiang , Guo, Bao et al. The evolution of Ge occurrence state and Si-Ge relationship during precipitation-dissolution enrichment to recover scattering metals from Zn concentrate leaching solution . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 368 . |
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In this study, combination of wave absorption materials with different loss mechanisms are added into iron ore tailings-blast furnace slag (IOT-BFS) based geopolymers. The employed materials are hollow glass microsphere (HGM), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbonyl iron powder (CIP). Microstructures of the geopolymers are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and concrete porous structure analyzer. Conductivity and electromagnetic absorption property of the geopolymers are measured by a conductivity tester and a vector network analyzer (VNA). As increasing the content of wave absorption materials, compressive strength of the geopolymer decreased from 60.5 to 33.8 MPa. Compared with geopolymers containing HGM and CNT, wave absorption band below -5 dB of the geopolymers with HGM and CIP was wider, particularly at frequencies below 7 GHz, due to the synergism of space and magnetic loss. Its absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss less than -5 dB reaches 15.6 GHz. This study gives a clue for preparation of geopolymers with satisfactory electromagnetic wave absorption properties in the utilization as construction materials.
Keyword ：
Electromagnetic wave absorption Electromagnetic wave absorption Geopolymers Geopolymers Iron ore tailings Iron ore tailings Microstructure Microstructure
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tianyu , Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang et al. The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2025 , 268 . |
| MLA | Wang, Tianyu et al. "The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property" . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 268 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Tianyu , Ning, Xuwen , Yang, Lang , Rao, Feng , Jiang, Kaixi . The synthesis of an iron tailings-based geopolymer with synergistic electromagnetic wave consumption property . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2025 , 268 . |
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In this study, four N-containing collectors were compared systematically to study the flotation selectivity, froth layer stability and economic cost in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite. The adsorption of collectors were studied by zeta potential and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Froth stability of the slurries with collectors was characterized through froth image and water recovery analysis. The flotation of pure fluorapatite, quartz, mica and raw phosphate ore gave that oleyl amine (OA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecane amide (HEDA) had better selectivity than dodecyl amine (DDA). It was found that the physisorption of OA and HEDA associated with the silicate mineral surfaces through hydrophobic bonding to form hemimicelles. Interestingly in octyl-hydroxamic acid (OHA) flotation, the best selectivity in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite was obtained, because of the chemisorption of O atoms on Al atoms through chelating rings. For froth stability, OA and HEDA induced a denser froth layer than DDA. In OHA flotation slurry, the individual bubbles were larger and easier to coalesce, leading to the lowest water recoveries and froth stability. This study might provide a further understanding on the N-containing collectors in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite.
Keyword ：
Adsorption Adsorption Amine collector Amine collector Flotation Flotation Froth stability Froth stability Octyl-hydroxamic acid Octyl-hydroxamic acid
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Wenxuan , Liu, Wenbiao , Zheng, Yongming et al. The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite [J]. | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2025 , 230 . |
| MLA | Huang, Wenxuan et al. "The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite" . | MINERALS ENGINEERING 230 (2025) . |
| APA | Huang, Wenxuan , Liu, Wenbiao , Zheng, Yongming , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang , Jiang, Kaixi . The comparison of N-containing collectors on selectivity and froth stability in reverse flotation of silicate minerals from fluorapatite . | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2025 , 230 . |
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In zinc hydrometallurgical plant, neutralizing precipitation and the subsequent dissolution are implemented to enrich scattering metals, Gallium (Ga) and Indium (In), and Cu from zinc leaching solution, facilitating further extraction and separation of Ga/In and others. The formation of jarosite presents both challenges and opportunities for Ga/In extraction, as Ga/In can substitute Fe within the jarosite structure. In this work, the evolution of the Ga/In occurrence state, especially its relationship with jarosite was investigated and the role of Fe/K/Pb was emphasized. Results show that jarosite formation is inevitable at pH 1-2, with K-jarosite forming kinetically faster than Pb-jarosite. By supplying sufficient K, precipitation rates reached 95.7 % for Ga and 98.1 % for In at pH 2 with little Cu/Ge loss. Eventually, a more appropriate and efficient flowsheet for recovery of scattering metals and Cu from zinc leaching solution is recommended, providing a practical framework comprehensive utilization in zinc hydrometallurgy.
Keyword ：
Enrichment Enrichment Jarosite Jarosite Scattering metals Scattering metals Zinc hydrometallurgy Zinc hydrometallurgy
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| GB/T 7714 | Dong, Weinan , Qiu, Xuehong , Zhao, Weisong et al. The evolution of Ga/In occurrence state and their dependence on jarosite during the precipitation enrichment for recovery of scattering metals and Cu from Zn leaching solution [J]. | SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES , 2025 , 45 . |
| MLA | Dong, Weinan et al. "The evolution of Ga/In occurrence state and their dependence on jarosite during the precipitation enrichment for recovery of scattering metals and Cu from Zn leaching solution" . | SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 45 (2025) . |
| APA | Dong, Weinan , Qiu, Xuehong , Zhao, Weisong , Guo, Bao , Jiang, Kaixi . The evolution of Ga/In occurrence state and their dependence on jarosite during the precipitation enrichment for recovery of scattering metals and Cu from Zn leaching solution . | SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES , 2025 , 45 . |
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This paper presents a treatment process for copper smelter dust's chlorinated leaching solution. Addressing the challenge of separating As and valuable metals from this solution, the process utilized SO2 to reduce As(V) to As(III) and NaOH to neutralize Bi(III), resulting in the stepwise formation of As2O3 and BiOCl. The results indicate that, under optimal conditions, the precipitation ratio of As reached 71.23%, and the Bi precipitation ratio reached 98.38%. Following Bi precipitation, two separation strategies were attempted for the recovery of Cu and Zn. The first strategy involves recovery of Cu using a sulfide precipitation method, followed by the recrystallization of ZnSO4. Under optimal conditions, the Cu precipitation ratio can reach 99.81%. The second strategy involves Cu solvent extraction using Lix984N coupled with Zn solvent extraction using P204. Under appropriate conditions, the Cu extraction rate can achieve 98.59%. A comprehensive assessment indicates that using sulfidation - crystallization to separate Cu and Zn is more economical than employing solvent extraction methods. Consequently, the final process is determined as follows: As removal by SO2 reduction > Bi recovery by NaOH neutralization > Cu recovery by sulfidation precipitation > Zn recovery by crystallization.
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Zhuzhu , Gao, Chunhui , Wu, Siyuan et al. Removal of As in Copper Smelter Dust's Chlorinated Leaching Solution by SO2 Reduction and the Subsequent Separation of Bi/Cu/Zn [J]. | JOM , 2025 , 77 (5) : 3409-3417 . |
| MLA | Guo, Zhuzhu et al. "Removal of As in Copper Smelter Dust's Chlorinated Leaching Solution by SO2 Reduction and the Subsequent Separation of Bi/Cu/Zn" . | JOM 77 . 5 (2025) : 3409-3417 . |
| APA | Guo, Zhuzhu , Gao, Chunhui , Wu, Siyuan , Guo, Bao , Deng, Rongdong , Jiang, Kaixi . Removal of As in Copper Smelter Dust's Chlorinated Leaching Solution by SO2 Reduction and the Subsequent Separation of Bi/Cu/Zn . | JOM , 2025 , 77 (5) , 3409-3417 . |
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It is a waste of gallium resource to discard the high aluminum-containing gallium electrolyte. The Ga/Al separation is difficult by only using lime precipitation because of high gallium loss rate. The present study employs an adsorption resin LSC-600P to recover gallium in the simulated gallium electrolyte and then uses lime to remove aluminum, leaving only alkali solution recycled. The results showed that the aluminum removal rate in the gallium electrolyte was 93.12% under the conditions of reaction temperature of 85 degrees C, addition of lime 2 times to the theoretical molar ratio of calcium to aluminum, reaction time of 3 h and stirring speed of 600 r/min. In the experiments of gallium adsorption, after six adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption rate of gallium by LSC-600P resin still reached 98.6%, and the adsorption rate of aluminum was lower than 4.5%. In the desorption process, the desorption rate of gallium was more than 98%, and the aluminum content in the stripping solution after desorption was almost negligible. The resin exhibits high adsorption affinity for gallium while demonstrating minimal adsorption for aluminum.
Keyword ：
Adsorption Adsorption Lime precipitation Lime precipitation LSC-600P LSC-600P Simulated gallium electrolyte Simulated gallium electrolyte
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| GB/T 7714 | Pan, Qi , Zhu, Zhen , Lin, Xiaocheng et al. Adsorption-Precipitation Method to Recover Gallium, Aluminum and Alkali from the Gallium Electrolyte in Zinc Refinery Plant [J]. | TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS , 2025 , 78 (4) . |
| MLA | Pan, Qi et al. "Adsorption-Precipitation Method to Recover Gallium, Aluminum and Alkali from the Gallium Electrolyte in Zinc Refinery Plant" . | TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS 78 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Pan, Qi , Zhu, Zhen , Lin, Xiaocheng , Guo, Bao , Jiang, Kaixi . Adsorption-Precipitation Method to Recover Gallium, Aluminum and Alkali from the Gallium Electrolyte in Zinc Refinery Plant . | TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS , 2025 , 78 (4) . |
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In civil engineering, both rapid setting and delayed setting are needed for various application scenarios. In order to regulate the setting time of concrete, the iron ore tailings-blast furnace slag (IOT-BFS)-based geopolymers were synthesized with a broad range of setting time and a high compressive strength in this study. The factors of iron ore tailings content, alkali content, liquid-solid ratio, and modulus of alkali activator on setting time of the geopolymers were analyzed. The setting times of geopolymers are tested by a manual Vicat apparatus, and their microstructure is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as that the hydration heat flow is characterized by an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter (TAM Air). It is found that setting time of the geopolymers was mostly affected by the modulus of alkaline activators due to the reasons that changes in modulus lead to the accelerated hydration reaction, formation of low-polymeric silicates, generation of gels, and encapsulation of precursor particles caused by high viscosity. Adjusting the modulus of the alkaline activator to 0.8 can control the initial setting time of the geopolymers to around 3 min. When the modulus ranges from 1-1.8, the initial setting time fell in the range of 15-45 min. For an alkaline activator modulus of 2, the initial setting time increased to 108 min. This study gives a clue for the preparation of geopolymers with adjustable setting times for multi-scenario applications in construction materials.
Keyword ：
gel evolution gel evolution geopolymer building materials geopolymer building materials iron ore and blast-furnace slag residues iron ore and blast-furnace slag residues microstructure of geopolymer microstructure of geopolymer rapid setting rapid setting setting time range setting time range waste-based geopolymer waste-based geopolymer
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tianyu , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang et al. Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers [J]. | GELS , 2024 , 10 (11) . |
| MLA | Wang, Tianyu et al. "Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers" . | GELS 10 . 11 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Tianyu , Rao, Feng , Yang, Lang , Jiang, Kaixi , Lin, Nanan , Mo, Liwei . Influence of Wastes and Synthesis Conditions on the Compressive Strength, Setting Time and Gels of Waste-Based Geopolymers . | GELS , 2024 , 10 (11) . |
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For the cobalt ‐ bearing copper oxide concentrate from Congo，experiment of coke reduction smelting with fayalite slag was conducted. The effects of CaO‐to‐SiO2 mass ratio，FeO ‐ to ‐ SiO2 mass ratio and coke rate on the reduction rates of copper and cobalt were investigated. The reduction sequence and conditions of copper，cobalt，iron and silicon oxides were analyzed by thermodynamics. The reduction process of copper，cobalt and iron oxides was quantitatively analyzed by means of metal oxide reduction thermodynamics and coke gasification kinetics. The results show that the reduction of copper，cobalt and iron in the copper oxide concentrate can be divided into the competitive fast reduction period in the early stage and the slow reduction period of copper and cobalt in the later stage. The reduced metal iron in the slow reduction period will undergo reoxidation. The large amount of competitive iron reduction in the early stage and its reoxidation in the later stage will reduce the reduction rate of copper，cobalt and iron and the effective utilization rate of coke. The formation mechanism of ferroalloy layer on the surface of crude copper is revealed. © 2024 Northeast University. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Cobalt compounds Cobalt compounds Coke Coke Copper oxides Copper oxides Iron oxides Iron oxides Silica Silica Silicon Silicon Silicon oxides Silicon oxides Slags Slags Smelting Smelting Thermodynamics Thermodynamics
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Lei , Jiang, Kai-Xi , Xie, Feng et al. Reduction Behaviors of Copper， Cobalt and Iron in Smelting of Copper Oxide Concentrate [J]. | Journal of Northeastern University , 2024 , 45 (3) : 337-345 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Lei et al. "Reduction Behaviors of Copper， Cobalt and Iron in Smelting of Copper Oxide Concentrate" . | Journal of Northeastern University 45 . 3 (2024) : 337-345 . |
| APA | Zhang, Lei , Jiang, Kai-Xi , Xie, Feng , Lu, Dian-Kun . Reduction Behaviors of Copper， Cobalt and Iron in Smelting of Copper Oxide Concentrate . | Journal of Northeastern University , 2024 , 45 (3) , 337-345 . |
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Magnetic separation is a primary method for processing iron ore and plays a crucial role in both current beneficiation practices and other fields. Extensive research has been conducted on the motion behavior of magnetic particles within magnetic separation equipment. However, force analysis, particularly the calculation of magnetic forces, remains imprecise when dealing with irregularly shaped particles. Accurate prediction of magnetic particle behavior requires precise magnetic force calculations. This study introduces micromagnetic simulations to accurately compute the magnetic forces on irregular magnetic particles. Micromagnetic simulations can determine the precise magnetic moments and magnetic induction intensities within each microelement of the particle. The results of these simulations will be validated using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The findings indicate that traditional magnetic force calculations deviate from the precise calculations presented in this study. For irregular particles, the computational errors in repulsive and attractive forces are 770% and 576% higher, respectively, compared to spherical particles. This underscores the necessity of considering particle shape in realistic magnetic force calculations. Additionally, both the MFM measurement images and the simulated magnetic force maps exhibit bright and dark regions correlated with particle shape, demonstrating that micro- magnetic simulation results can be verified through MFM measurements. This paper proposes an experimentally verifiable method for accurately calculating the magnetic forces on magnetic particles using micromagnetic simulations, which holds significant implications for designing more efficient and precise magnetic separation equipment.
Keyword ：
Magnetic force calculation Magnetic force calculation Magnetic force microscope Magnetic force microscope Magnetic separation Magnetic separation Magnetite Magnetite Magnetization Magnetization Micromagnetism simulation Micromagnetism simulation
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Xin , Wang, Zhaolian , Wang, Qian et al. Accurate calculation of magnetic forces on magnetic mineral particles using micromagnetic simulations [J]. | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2024 , 218 . |
| MLA | Li, Xin et al. "Accurate calculation of magnetic forces on magnetic mineral particles using micromagnetic simulations" . | MINERALS ENGINEERING 218 (2024) . |
| APA | Li, Xin , Wang, Zhaolian , Wang, Qian , Jiang, Kaixi , Ku, Jiangang . Accurate calculation of magnetic forces on magnetic mineral particles using micromagnetic simulations . | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2024 , 218 . |
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In this study, the occurrence state and distribution characteristics of gallium (Ga) in zinc refinery residue were investigated by dilute acid pre-washing to enrich Ga in zinc refinery residue, followed by silane coupling agent pretreatment and epoxy resin curing, and then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam micro-slicing technique and transmission electron microscopy. The acid washing increased the mass ratio of Ga from 0.92% to 2.12%. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and select area electron diffraction revealed that Ga occurred as tiny ring-like particles of gallobeudantite (a Pb-jarosite) that intimately envelop the previously formed K-jarosite fine-grained inclusions. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interplanar spacings of the new phase formed after Ga substitution for Fe in Pb-jarosite (3.413 & Aring; and 5.505 & Aring;) were in good agreement with the actual measured values, further confirming that Ga substitution for Fe in Pb-jarosite was achieved. The kinetical model explains the formation of multiple phases during precipitation in the treatment of zinc leaching solution. Compared to existing studies, this work reveals the spatial distribution of gallium with higher resolution and jointly determines the gallium-containing phases through experimental analysis and simulation calculations. This microanalytical method enhances the understanding of Ga species formation during zinc refining, aiding in their distribution control and process optimization.
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| GB/T 7714 | Dong, Weinan , Qiu, Xuehong , Zhao, Weisong et al. Microanalytical investigations of gallium occurrence and distribution in zinc refinery residue [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE , 2024 , 59 (31) : 14606-14620 . |
| MLA | Dong, Weinan et al. "Microanalytical investigations of gallium occurrence and distribution in zinc refinery residue" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 59 . 31 (2024) : 14606-14620 . |
| APA | Dong, Weinan , Qiu, Xuehong , Zhao, Weisong , Guo, Bao , Jiang, Kaixi , Chiou, Mong-Feng et al. Microanalytical investigations of gallium occurrence and distribution in zinc refinery residue . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE , 2024 , 59 (31) , 14606-14620 . |
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