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学者姓名：张凯建
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Abstract ：
The layer-by-layer stacking process of 3D Printing Construction Technology (3DPCT) inevitably leads to weak bonding areas between the interlayer interfaces and the interstrip interfaces, which affect the mechanical properties of the printed structure. The effects of different carbonation time of recycled sand on the mechanical properties and interfacial bonding performance of 3D printed cement-based material with a 100 % replacement rate of carbonated recycled sand (3DPCRS) were explored. Although, the carbonation time of recycled sand affected the mechanical anisotropy of the printed specimens, the carbonation treatment of recycled sand cannot eliminate the mechanical anisotropy of 3D printed specimens. With the extension of the carbonation time of recycled sand, the interfacial bonding performance was gradually improved. At 28 days, the interlayer shear strength and interstrip shear strength of T7 group increased by 21.5 % and 18.7 %, respectively. After the carbonation of recycled sand, the indentation modulus of the interlayer interface was increased with the decrease of interface width and porosity, which improved the pore structure and the mechanical properties of the printed specimens.
Keyword ：
3D Printing Construction Technology 3D Printing Construction Technology Carbonation time Carbonation time Interfacial bonding performance Interfacial bonding performance Microstructural properties Microstructural properties Recycled sand Recycled sand
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| GB/T 7714 | Luo, Surong , Li, Wenqiang , Cai, Yili et al. Effects of carbonated recycled sand on the interfacial bonding performance of 3D printed cement-based material [J]. | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2025 , 99 . |
| MLA | Luo, Surong et al. "Effects of carbonated recycled sand on the interfacial bonding performance of 3D printed cement-based material" . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 99 (2025) . |
| APA | Luo, Surong , Li, Wenqiang , Cai, Yili , Zhang, Kaijian . Effects of carbonated recycled sand on the interfacial bonding performance of 3D printed cement-based material . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2025 , 99 . |
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In this paper, the effects of river sand, sea-sand, recycled sand, and shell sand on the carbonation performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were studied. The results showed that the carbonation depth of RAC prepared from sea-sand was 89.8-96.8 %, 83.8-93.4 %, and 70.5-84.8 % of that prepared from recycled sand, shell sand, and river sand, respectively. The compressive strength of RAC made from sea-sand was the highest, followed by RAC made from river sand, shell sand, and recycled sand. The chloride ions in the sea-sand promoted the formation of Friedel's salt and C-S-H with a high Ca/Si ratio, increasing the density of the concrete, thereby blocking the CO2 diffusion channel and reducing the carbonation rate. On the other hand, the weak strength and bond of shell sand, and the weak interfacial transition zone of recycled sand resulted in weak concrete microstructure. In this paper, after 90 days of carbonation, the increment of CaCO3 for preparing RAC from sea-sand was 95.1 %, 67.7 %, and 37.7 % of that of river sand, shell sand, and recycled sand, respectively. The RAC made of shell sand or recycled sand had a porous microstructure, which provided sufficient growth space for CaCO3, and its total porosity was significantly reduced after carbonation. Finally, a prediction model of RAC's carbonation depth was proposed, which was highly consistent with the experimental results. The mean error of the model was close to 1.0 and the COV was 0.169.
Keyword ：
Carbonation depth Carbonation depth Carbonation properties Carbonation properties Fine aggregates Fine aggregates Prediction model Prediction model Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Wang, Lin , Li, Ziying et al. Effects of different fine aggregates as sand replacements on the carbonation properties of recycled aggregate concrete [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2025 , 468 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Effects of different fine aggregates as sand replacements on the carbonation properties of recycled aggregate concrete" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 468 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Wang, Lin , Li, Ziying , Zhang, Qingtian . Effects of different fine aggregates as sand replacements on the carbonation properties of recycled aggregate concrete . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2025 , 468 . |
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The compressive strength data of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in X (Print direction), Y (Adjacent stripes), and Z (Stacked stripes) were collected and analyzed to evaluate its anisotropic behavior and statistical parameters. Similar to conventional cast concrete, there is a linear relationship between the compressive strength of 3DPC and the binder-to-water ratio (B/W). For the normalized strength data, the average ratios of X/C, Y/C, and Z/C at 28 days are 0.87, 0.80, and 0.82 respectively, indicating a decrease in the compressive strength and anisotropy compared to cast concrete. Compared to the coefficient of variation (COV) of cast specimens mentioned in the specifications, there is an increase of 4.3–69 %. The weak interfaces and unique pore shapes in 3DPC interact to cause stress concentration and redistribution of internal stresses, resulting in decreased compressive strength, anisotropy, and variability. This investigation can provide material parameters for studying the structural performance of 3DPC components. © 2024
Keyword ：
3D printing 3D printing Anisotropy Anisotropy Compressive strength Compressive strength
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian et al. Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete [J]. | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 440 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete" . | Construction and Building Materials 440 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian , Wang, Dehui , Luo, Surong . Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete . | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 440 . |
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The application of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) is beneficial for marine engineering, but the impact of aggregate gradation on its alkali-silica reaction (ASR) remains poorly understood. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing ASR products, pore characteristics and expansion rate of specimens. The test results reveal that ordinary concrete (OC) exhibits an inhibitory effect on ASR in comparison with to SWSSC. The 14-day expansion of ordinary concrete and SWSSC with the same aggregate gradation are 0.130 % and 0.212 %, showing potential and high risk of ASR, respectively. Moreover, particle size and gradation of aggregate are the key factors influencing the ASR degree of SWSSC. Compared with coarser aggregate, specimens with finer aggregate consume more K+ and Ca2+ ions, generate more ASR-P1, form less porosity, and produce a larger expansion. Additionally, specimens with gap-graded aggregates, as opposed to those with uniform or continuous gradation, show greater consumption of K+ and Ca2+ ions, increased ASR-P1 formation, more harmful pore formation, and a larger expansion. These results offer insights into optimizing aggregate gradation to reduce ASR in SWSSC and improve its durability. © 2024
Keyword ：
Concrete aggregates Concrete aggregates Expansion Expansion Particle size Particle size Seawater corrosion Seawater corrosion Silica Silica
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete [J]. | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 427 . |
| MLA | Wu, Wenda et al. "Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete" . | Construction and Building Materials 427 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan , Yao, Hongyu , Zhang, Kaijian , Yang, Hongfei et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete . | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 427 . |
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The application of fiber reinforced polymer(FRP)in seawater sea-sand concrete(SSC)can avoid the corrosin of steel bars induced by the chloride ion, but FRP reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete(FRP-SSC)structures still have durability issues in harsh environments, which is one of the hot and difficult issues of current research. Based on the existing literature, the durability of FRP bars, SSC and FRP-SSC components in marine environments was sorted out. The results show that under the combined effect of the alkaline environment of concrete and salt ions in seawater and sea-sand, the degradation and variability of mechanical properties of FRP bars increase, and the bonding strength of FRP bars and SSC decreases. The addition of salt ions in seawater and sea-sand accelerates the hydration reaction, thus improving the compactness and durability of SSC. The effect of marine environment leads to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of FRP and the reduction of bonding strength between FRP/steel-FRP composite bars(SFCB)and SSC, which weakens the bearing capacity of SSC components and changes the failure mode of SSC components. The bearing capacity of SSC components decrease with the increase of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA)replacement rate. It is suggested that the quantification of variability of mechanical property of FRP bars and SSC, and the time-dependent reliability-based design methods of components should be taken as the direction of further research in the future. © 2024, Editorial Department of Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
durability durability FRP bar FRP bar seawater sea-sand concrete seawater sea-sand concrete steel-FRP composite bar steel-FRP composite bar transformation of failure mode transformation of failure mode
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, K. , Wang, L. . Review on durability of FRP bar reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete materials and components [J]. | Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering , 2024 , 41 (2) : 17-30 . |
| MLA | Zhang, K. et al. "Review on durability of FRP bar reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete materials and components" . | Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering 41 . 2 (2024) : 17-30 . |
| APA | Zhang, K. , Wang, L. . Review on durability of FRP bar reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete materials and components . | Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering , 2024 , 41 (2) , 17-30 . |
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To investigate the impact of limestone powder on the chloride ion concentration coefficient of cement pastes, various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mercury-porosimetry (MIP) were employed in this paper. The findings demonstrate that the creation of Friedel's salt is inversely associated with the addition of limestone powder, that is, Friedel's salt production is lessened by adding more limestone powder, however, the coefficient of chloride ion concentration initially decreased and then increased again, as does the porosity, and most likely the pore size as well. The specific surface area of limestone powder has increased, and the content of Friedel's salt increased first and then decreased. However, the shifting trend of Friedel's salt and chloride ion concentration coefficient is in direct opposition, and the pore structure was therefore significantly enhanced. The results of this study offer robust theoretical backing for the inclusion of limestone powder in concrete and provide a positive assessment of its potential applications.
Keyword ：
chloride ion concentration coefficient chloride ion concentration coefficient content content friedel's salt friedel's salt limestone powder limestone powder specific surface area specific surface area
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Huang, Zeping , Jia, Xuxiu et al. Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder [J]. | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION , 2024 , 39 (6) : 1474-1483 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder" . | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION 39 . 6 (2024) : 1474-1483 . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Huang, Zeping , Jia, Xuxiu , Wang, Dehui . Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder . | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION , 2024 , 39 (6) , 1474-1483 . |
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3D printing concrete (3DPC) technology is a relatively new and rapidly developing technology in the construction industry recently, often employing the addition of external fibers to enhance its rheological and mechanical properties. Polyoxymethylene (POM) fibers have a broad research prospect due to their good compatibility with inorganic materials and resistance to alkali. This study investigates the rheological and mechanical properties of 3D-printed high-strength concrete which contain POM fibers. The study examines the effects of POM fiber volume fraction (1.5 %, 2 %, 2.5 %) and fly ash content (0 %, 10 %, 20 %) on the rheological and mechanical properties of 3D-printed concrete, and evaluates the yield stress and plastic viscosity at different volume fractions, and the effects of different fiber contents on compressive and flexural strength were evaluated through compression and bending tests. The study also characterizes the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that POM fibers will significantly improve rheological parameters, and fly ash will effectively improve rheology, making 3DPC able to meet the requirements of workability. The maximum enhancement in compressive and flexural strength were both observed at 2 % POM fiber volume, providing optimal balance between rheology and strength. In addition, the effect of fiber orientation arrangement on strengthening compressive and flexural strength was proved by microscopic tests. These results can provide an important experimental reference for evaluating the rheological and mechanical properties of 3Dprinted fiber-reinforced concrete.
Keyword ：
3D-printed concrete 3D-printed concrete Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure Polyformaldehyde fibers Polyformaldehyde fibers Rheology Rheology
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| GB/T 7714 | Luo, Surong , Jin, Wenhao , Wu, Weihong et al. Rheological and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde fiber reinforced 3D-printed high-strength concrete with the addition of fly ash [J]. | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2024 , 98 . |
| MLA | Luo, Surong et al. "Rheological and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde fiber reinforced 3D-printed high-strength concrete with the addition of fly ash" . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 98 (2024) . |
| APA | Luo, Surong , Jin, Wenhao , Wu, Weihong , Zhang, Kaijian . Rheological and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde fiber reinforced 3D-printed high-strength concrete with the addition of fly ash . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2024 , 98 . |
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Polypropylene fibers possess high strength and excellent abrasion resistance, and have been used to enhance concrete materials. This study investigated the influence of polypropylene fibers on the dynamic compressive properties of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) under three strain rates (10- 5 , 10-4, and 10-3/s). 90 specimens were prepared, with fiber lengths of 9, 13.5, and 18 mm (the corresponding aspect ratio of 357, 536, and 714, respectively), and fiber contents of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kg/m3. The test results indicate that the polypropylene fiber reinforced SSRAC specimens are more sensitive to strain rate in terms of peak stress and peak strain, and the incorporation of fibers generally increases the peak stress. Furthermore, the microscopic morphology and nanoindentation analysis are conducted on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of the polypropylene fiber reinforced SSRAC. The addition of polypropylene fibers increases the local porosity of the ITZ, and reduces the bonding area between mortar and aggregates, resulting in a decrease in the elastic modulus of the ITZ. This reduction effect varies with different lengths and contents of fibers, which has a significant impact on the peak stress, peak strain, and elastic modulus of specimens, leading to some degree of dispersion in the corresponding strain effect. Finally, a dynamic prediction model for fiber-reinforced SSRAC is derived, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the dynamic mechanical properties of fiber reinforced SSRAC.
Keyword ：
Interfacial transition zone (ITZ) Interfacial transition zone (ITZ) Polypropylene fibers Polypropylene fibers Seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete Seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) (SSRAC) Stress-strain curve Stress-strain curve Uniaxial compression Uniaxial compression
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Lan, Qibin et al. Compressive properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete under different strain rate loading [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 452 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Compressive properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete under different strain rate loading" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 452 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Lan, Qibin , Zhang, Qingtian . Compressive properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete under different strain rate loading . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 452 . |
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再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系是实现其材料到结构力学分析的桥梁纽带,成为再生粗骨料混凝土结构基础理论的基石.介绍了作者团队多年来在再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系方面取得的研究进展:采用模型化再生粗骨料方法,研究了复杂界面过渡区对再生粗骨料混凝土破坏行为的影响,揭示了再生粗骨料混凝土细观损伤本质与演化机理;从静力作用到动力作用,系统地开展了不同工况下再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变行为试验研究,探明了载荷条件对再生粗骨料混凝土应力与变形的影响规律并建立了相适应的力学与数学模型;进一步考虑再生粗骨料性能时空变异性,发现了再生粗骨料混凝土力学响应的概率分布特征,提出了再生粗骨料混凝土随机损伤本构关系;基于获得的本构模型,完成了再生粗骨料混凝土构件时变可靠度分析和结构动力非线性分析,为再生粗骨料混凝土在实际工程中的安全应用提供了理论支撑;提炼了相关研究结论并对未来研究工作进行了展望.
Keyword ：
再生粗骨料混凝土 再生粗骨料混凝土 多工况受力 多工况受力 应力-应变关系 应力-应变关系 时变可靠度 时变可靠度 随机性 随机性 非线性分析 非线性分析
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| GB/T 7714 | 肖建庄 , 唐宇翔 , 张凯建 et al. 再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系 [J]. | 工程力学 , 2024 , 41 (2) : 43-55 . |
| MLA | 肖建庄 et al. "再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系" . | 工程力学 41 . 2 (2024) : 43-55 . |
| APA | 肖建庄 , 唐宇翔 , 张凯建 , 杨海峰 . 再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系 . | 工程力学 , 2024 , 41 (2) , 43-55 . |
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In the past 20 years, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), as a type of low-carbon concrete, has become a worldwide focus of research. However, the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge. Consequently, demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and RAC components have been presented. Accordingly, this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination, compressive constitutive relationship, and design method of concrete components. The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength. The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC. The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression. However, the elastic modulus of RAC decreases, and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC. Finally, to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity, modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability. Additionally, the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion. It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
Constitutive relation Constitutive relation Natural aggregate concrete (NAC) Natural aggregate concrete (NAC) Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) Reliability Reliability Strength determination Strength determination Unified design theory Unified design theory
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| GB/T 7714 | Xiao, Jianzhuang , Zhang, Kaijian , Ding, Tao et al. Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components [J]. | ENGINEERING , 2024 , 29 : 188-197 . |
| MLA | Xiao, Jianzhuang et al. "Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components" . | ENGINEERING 29 (2024) : 188-197 . |
| APA | Xiao, Jianzhuang , Zhang, Kaijian , Ding, Tao , Zhang, Qingtian , Xiao, Xuwen . Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components . | ENGINEERING , 2024 , 29 , 188-197 . |
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