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学者姓名：冯婉仪
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Abstract ：
Single magnetite crystals from the Cihai Fe skarn deposit in Northwestern China are strongly growth zoned. Magnetite cores are in equilibrium with garnet whereas magnetite rims are enclosed by calcite. The chemical zoning in magnetite is well defined by an abrupt core-to-rim Si and Ca increase as well as Ti decrease. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) results show that magnetites rims contain from 2.24 to 5.70 wt% SiO2 (averaging 4.56 wt%), which are silician magnetite. Plots of EMPA data suggest that silician magnetite in the Cihai skarn deposit presents in the form of [Si4+]IV + [Fe2+](VI) <-> [Fe3+](IV) + [Fe3+](VI). The LA-ICP-MS dating results show that the garnet coexisting with the magnetite core has a U-Pb age of 282.5 +/- 2.6 Ma, which is consistent with the timing of Fe mineralization in the retrograde skarn stage, indicating that silician magnetite was formed within a relatively short time interval after magnetite precipitation. Based on coexisting minerals, chemical compositions, and our previous fluid inclusion analyses, we propose that the Si zoning of magnetite is largely temperature dependent and, thus, is interpreted as a retrograde growth zoning. It is suggested that silician magnetite formed as a result of changing compatibility due to decreasing temperatures and can potentially be used to trace oreforming temperatures in hydrothermal deposits. Our study provides independent constraints on the conditions of hydrothermal magnetite formation in the Cihai Fe skarn deposit, and suggests that silician magnetite may serve as a potential relatively low-temperature (<300( degrees)C) indicator in other less-well-constrained magmatichydrothermal systems.
Keyword ：
Cihai Fe deposit Cihai Fe deposit Hydrothermal system Hydrothermal system Low-temperature environment Low-temperature environment Silician magnetite Silician magnetite Skarn deposit Skarn deposit
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| GB/T 7714 | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . Silician zoning of magnetite in a Fe skarn deposit: A potential low-temperature indicator in magmatic-hydrothermal systems? [J]. | JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES , 2025 , 277 . |
| MLA | Feng, Wanyi 等. "Silician zoning of magnetite in a Fe skarn deposit: A potential low-temperature indicator in magmatic-hydrothermal systems?" . | JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES 277 (2025) . |
| APA | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . Silician zoning of magnetite in a Fe skarn deposit: A potential low-temperature indicator in magmatic-hydrothermal systems? . | JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES , 2025 , 277 . |
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Abstract ：
The Katbasu Au-Cu deposit in the Chinese western Tianshan is hosted in the ca. 355 Ma granite intrusion. This paper reports whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf-O isotopic data for the granites and the mafic enclaves as well as in situ S isotopic data for the sulfides from the Katbasu Au-Cu deposit. Our results provide constraints on the petrogenesis and ore genesis of the Katbasu Au-Cu deposit. Geochemical characteristics suggest that the Katbasu granites are metaluminous rocks, exhibiting mineral assemblages and geochemical characteristics of Itype granites. The granites have positive zircon epsilon Hf(t) values of 7.1-10.2 and zircon 818O values of 6.2-7.2%o, suggesting a juvenile crustal origin. Mixing processes between felsic and mafic magmas were involved in their generation. The mafic enclaves are enriched in LILEs and depleted in HFSEs, and have zircon epsilon Hf(t) values of 7.5-15.8 and zircon 818O values of 5.4-6.9%o, suggesting that they were derived from a subduction-modified mantle and underwent subsequent crustal contamination and/or magma mixing processes. In situ S isotopic analyses show that pyrite grains from the pre-ore stage and post-ore stage have positive 834S values of 7.0-8.5%o and 8.2-9.0%o, respectively. Pyrite and chalcopyrite grains from an early magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Au mineralization stage show 834S values of 8.8-11.1%o, and pyrite grains from the main orogenic Au mineralization stage have positive 834S values of 5.9-8.4%o. The heavy S isotope characteristics of magmatic-hydrothermal CuAu mineralization indicate that the magma source might be metasomatized by subduction materials, whereas the heavy S isotope characteristics of the late orogenic Au mineralization suggest that the ore-forming materials mainly originated from the metamorphic devolatilization of the source rocks. The ca.352-349 Ma early magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Au mineralization in the Katbasu deposit formed in a subduction tectonic setting, whereas the ca. 323-311 Ma late orogenic Au mineralization formed in an orogenic environment during the final stage of subduction.
Keyword ：
Katbasu Au-Cu deposit Katbasu Au-Cu deposit Ore genesis Ore genesis Petrogenesis Petrogenesis Western Tianshan Western Tianshan
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| GB/T 7714 | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao , Shen, Ping . Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, western Tianshan, Northwest China: Implications for petrogenesis, ore genesis, and tectonic setting [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 161 . |
| MLA | Feng, Wanyi 等. "Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, western Tianshan, Northwest China: Implications for petrogenesis, ore genesis, and tectonic setting" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 161 (2023) . |
| APA | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao , Shen, Ping . Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, western Tianshan, Northwest China: Implications for petrogenesis, ore genesis, and tectonic setting . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 161 . |
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Apatite is a common accessory mineral in iron oxide-apatite (IOA), magmatic Fe-Ti oxide, and metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits. Apatite chronology and oxygen isotopes in the IOA deposits have been extensively studied, however, such information in the metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits remains poorly understood. Here, we report detailed trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb chronology of apatite from the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit in the eastern Tianshan, NW China. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the in situ oxygen isotopes of apatite from the metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits. Cathodoluminescence imaging of the apatite grains from the Tianhu massive Fe ores show a homogeneous texture, suggesting that they were formed by a single event rather than multiple superimposed events. These apatite grains contain abundant fluid inclusions, and show relatively high delta 18O values of 7.9 %o-14.0 %o and low Th and U contents, which are consistent with their metamorphic hydrothermal origin. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) dating of the studied apatite grains yielded a U-Pb age of 348.5 +/- 18.5 Ma, indicating that the metamorphic enrichment of the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit occurred considerably later than the Ordovician ore-hosting rocks. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the metamorphic massive ores of the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit formed in an orogenic setting. Our study highlights that a combination of trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb chronology of apatite can be used as powerful tools to constrain the genesis of metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits.
Keyword ：
Apatite Apatite Eastern Tianshan Eastern Tianshan Metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits Metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposits Oxygen isotopes and trace elements Oxygen isotopes and trace elements Tianhu deposit Tianhu deposit U -Pb chronology U -Pb chronology
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| GB/T 7714 | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . The ca. 349 Ma metamorphic enrichment of the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit in the eastern Tianshan: Evidence from apatite trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb chronology [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 162 . |
| MLA | Feng, Wanyi 等. "The ca. 349 Ma metamorphic enrichment of the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit in the eastern Tianshan: Evidence from apatite trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb chronology" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 162 (2023) . |
| APA | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . The ca. 349 Ma metamorphic enrichment of the Tianhu metamorphosed sedimentary Fe deposit in the eastern Tianshan: Evidence from apatite trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb chronology . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 162 . |
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Magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits are one of the most important iron deposit in eastern Tianshan, NW China, and their ore-forming mechanism remains obscure. Here, we use trace elements and O-Sr isotopes of apatite from two representative magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits (Niumaoquan and Weiya) in the eastern Tianshan to constrain the genesis of ore formation. The apatites from the Niumaoquan Fe-Ti oxide ores exhibit higher Eu/Eu* values, lower Mn contents, and larger REE variations than those from the Weiya Fe-Ti oxide ores, indicating a protracted evolution process of the Niumaoquan ore-forming magmas under a relatively reduced condition. Specifically, the apatites from the Niumaoquan Fe-Ti oxide ores can be divided into two groups: Group 1 with relatively low REE contents, low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70574-0.70641) and high 818O values (5.1-5.6%o), and Group 2 with relatively high REE contents, high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70703-0.70792) and low 818O values (2.8-3.3%o). The Group 1 apatites formed by early crystallization in the mantle, while the Group 2 apatites formed by assimilation of low 818O-high 87Sr/86Sr altered rocks during magmas emplacement en route to the continental crust. Unlike the Niumaoquan apatites, the apatites from the Weiya Fe-Ti oxide ores have relatively homogeneous, high 818O values (8.3%o-9.1%o) and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70798-0.70848), indicating involvement of continental crustal materials in their mantle sources. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Niumaoquan and the Weiya Fe-Ti oxide deposits formed in a non-plume tectonic setting but they originated from different magmatic sources. Our study highlights that trace elements and O-Sr isotopes of apatite can be used as powerful tools to constrain the source characteristics and ore-forming processes of magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits.
Keyword ：
Apatite Apatite Eastern Tianshan Eastern Tianshan Magmatic Fe -Ti oxide deposit Magmatic Fe -Ti oxide deposit Magmatic sources Magmatic sources O -Sr isotopes O -Sr isotopes Trace elements Trace elements
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| GB/T 7714 | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . Apatite trace elements and O-Sr isotopes reveal different magmatic sources of Fe-Ti oxide deposits in the eastern Tianshan, NW China [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 163 . |
| MLA | Feng, Wanyi 等. "Apatite trace elements and O-Sr isotopes reveal different magmatic sources of Fe-Ti oxide deposits in the eastern Tianshan, NW China" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 163 (2023) . |
| APA | Feng, Wanyi , Zheng, Jiahao . Apatite trace elements and O-Sr isotopes reveal different magmatic sources of Fe-Ti oxide deposits in the eastern Tianshan, NW China . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 163 . |
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The textures and compositions of hydrothermal apatite grains have been reported in many iron oxide-apatite (IOA), porphyry, and rare-earth elements (REE) polymetallic deposits. However, such information for apatite in hydrothermal gold deposit is not available. In this study, we present integrated textural, elemental, and in situ oxygen isotopic data of hydrothermal apatite grains from the Hatu gold deposit (56t Au, average grade: 5 g/t) in the West Junggar, Northwest China, to investigate the detailed mineralization processes and nature of ore-forming fluids. Hydrothermal apatite is present within the quartz-sulfide ores at the Hatu gold deposit. Apatite grains of the Hatu gold ores contain abundant fluid inclusions and fine sulfide crystals, indicating that they are closely related to gold mineralization. Three types of hydrothermal fluorapatite (Ap1, Ap2, and Ap3) were revealed by Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging. The Ap1 and Ap2 formed in the auriferous ore-forming stage, whereas the Ap3 formed in the post-ore stage. The three types of apatite have distinct total REE concentrations (216-751 ppm for Ap1, 14-120 ppm for Ap2, and 914-1422 ppm for Ap3) as well as chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns. The textures and compositions of different apatites are inconsistent with dissolution-re-precipitation processes but instead point to three episodes of apatite formation in the Hatu hydrothermal system. The Ap3 has different REE and lower Eu/Eu* values (0.97-1.72) than Ap1 (1.34-4.50) and Ap2 (1.69-4.95), indicating a change of fluid compositions and a decrease of oxygen fugacity from the auriferous ore-forming stage to post-ore stage. All three types of apatite (Ap1, Ap2, and Ap3) show relatively high and consistent oxygen isotope compositions ranging from 14.2 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand to 15.2 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand, from 14.5 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand to 15.0 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand, and from 13.8 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand to 15.4 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand, respectively. Their calculated delta O-18(fluid) values are higher than magmatic-hydrothermal fluids but consistent with those from metamorphic fluids derived from meta-basalts. The near-zero delta S-34 values of hydrothermal pyrite grains in the gold ores are much higher than those of pyrite framboid grains in the ore-hosted sedimentary rocks (- 41.1 to - 24.3 parts per thousand), suggesting the sulfur may be derived from meta-basalts rather than sedimentary rocks in the mining area. Taken together, we suggest that Hatu is an orogenic gold deposit formed by fluids and metals derived from metamorphic de-volatilization of meta-basalts at depth. Our study highlights that a combination of CL imaging, in situ trace elements, and oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal apatite can be a novel and powerful tool to trace the nature of ore-forming fluids in the hydrothermal gold deposits.
Keyword ：
Gold deposits Gold deposits Hydrothermal apatites Hydrothermal apatites In situ oxygen isotopes In situ oxygen isotopes Ore-forming processes Ore-forming processes Trace elements Trace elements
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Jiahao , Shen, Ping , Feng, Wanyi . Hydrothermal apatite record of ore-forming processes in the Hatu orogenic gold deposit, West Junggar, Northwest China [J]. | CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY , 2022 , 177 (2) . |
| MLA | Zheng, Jiahao 等. "Hydrothermal apatite record of ore-forming processes in the Hatu orogenic gold deposit, West Junggar, Northwest China" . | CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY 177 . 2 (2022) . |
| APA | Zheng, Jiahao , Shen, Ping , Feng, Wanyi . Hydrothermal apatite record of ore-forming processes in the Hatu orogenic gold deposit, West Junggar, Northwest China . | CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY , 2022 , 177 (2) . |
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