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学者姓名：关振长
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Abstract ：
With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in mountain area of China, the lining-ground interaction mechanism of mountain tunnel has attracted more and more attentions. Considering the regular two-lane mountain tunnel with ground classification of grade V, the bi-directional pushover model tests were carried out. The details about model tests including similarity ratio, similar material, model container, model fabrication and measurement system were introduced, and the variation of ground displacement, ground strain, and ground pressure with bi-directional pushover distance were carefully analyzed. Then, the lining-ground interaction mechanism was further clarified, which could be generally divided into compacting stage, overturning stage, and coercing stage. The ground was compacted slightly in compacting stage, began to divert from the springline of lining in overturning stage, and shifted the overall lining synchronously in coercing stage. The ground near the crown and shoulder of lining was compressed circumstantially to form slipping zone, and the ground near the springline of lining was compressed radically to form squeezing zone. The ground pressure in the squeezing zone was greater than its opposite side, while the ground pressure in the slipping zone was smaller than its opposite side. The numerical simulations were also carried out, while the ground displacement and the ground pressure were focused and compared with experiment results. These researches could deepen the understanding of lining-ground interaction mechanism for mountain tunnel, and provide some experimental basis and technical support for the response displacement method in anti-seismic design of underground structures.
Keyword ：
Bi-directional pushover model test Bi-directional pushover model test Lining-ground interaction mechanism Lining-ground interaction mechanism Mountain tunnel Mountain tunnel Response displacement method Response displacement method
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| GB/T 7714 | Guan, Zhenchang , Lin, Yuanying , Qiu, Huasheng et al. The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 , 58 (7) : 7937-7955 . |
| MLA | Guan, Zhenchang et al. "The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 58 . 7 (2025) : 7937-7955 . |
| APA | Guan, Zhenchang , Lin, Yuanying , Qiu, Huasheng , Wang, Guobo , Shi, Jingkang . The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 , 58 (7) , 7937-7955 . |
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Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness (LEBS) is a fundamental parameter of shield tunnels, which directly affects the longitudinal response analysis. The influence of axial force and bending moment on the LEBS of the shield tunnel has not been well considered through model test in existing studies. Therefore, a large-scale model test for circumferential joints was conducted in this study. The model lining was fabricated by 3D printed photosensitive resin and aluminium alloy rod. The test apparatus was specially designed and assembled to measure the LEBS under different axial forces. Five model tests were conducted to discuss the influences of axial force and bending moment on the LEBS. Meanwhile, the test results were validated via a series of numerical simulations upon the ABAQUS platform. Some conclusions can be summarized as follows: The LEBS varied nonlinearly with the bending moment, which could be divided into three stages. In the static resistance stage, the bending moment was mainly carried by the axial force, which led to a great value of LEBS. In the elastic bending stage, the bending moment was carried by the axial force and bolts jointly; the LEBS decreased rapidly with bending moment. In the plastic bending stage, the LEBS decreased slowly with bending moment and converged to its steady value. The quantitative influence of bending moment and axial force on LEBS could be fitted by Logistic function. Conveniently, the longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency eta increased exponentially with the axial force nonlinearly. In the model test, the eta ranged from 6.08 % to 16.82 % when N was within 0-9.2 MN. The eta ranged from 5.77 % to 25.11 % when N was within 0-10 MN in the numerical simulation. These researches could provide some references for the longitudinal deformation estimation and the lining design of shield tunnel.
Keyword ：
Axial force Axial force Circumferential joints Circumferential joints Longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency Longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness Shield tunnel Shield tunnel
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Luyao , Yang, Zelong , Zheng, Junxing et al. Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force [J]. | STRUCTURES , 2025 , 75 . |
| MLA | Ren, Luyao et al. "Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force" . | STRUCTURES 75 (2025) . |
| APA | Ren, Luyao , Yang, Zelong , Zheng, Junxing , Chen, Siming , Guan, Zhenchang . Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force . | STRUCTURES , 2025 , 75 . |
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The unevenness of ring faces (or the local gaps due to gaskets) is inevitable during the assembling of lining segments, which could cause the cracking or damage of segments and might endanger the safety of lining structure in severe cases. Based on the shear resistance prototype test of lining segment, the refined numerical simulation for the P2-typed standard segment was established upon the ABAQUS numerical platform. The jacking plates were placed on the top of segment, the gaskets are placed at the bottom of segment, and the right gasket was left empty to form a local gap. The uniform load was gradually applied upon the top of segment through jacking plates. The mechanical responses of the segment with local void condition were analyzed under the gradual action of jacking force. The cracking process and the shearing capacity of segment with uneven ring face condition were well focused on. The simulation results show that the 1st crack appears on the upper part of segment inner surface with 2 mm under the jacking force of 850 kN. When the jacking force increases to 1 120 kN, the vertical displacement of the segment bottom reaches 6 mm. Another two new cracks appear on the segment inner surface, and the 1st crack further expands to the outer surface and develops into the penetrating cracks. The cracking process of the segment is described sequentially as inner surface → upper ring surface → outer surface. Considering the potential risk of leakage of water caused by penetrating cracks, the shear capacity (yield load) of P2-typed standard segment was determined to be approximately 1 120 kN. Comparing the numerical simulation results with the prototype test, the cracking expansion, the distribution pattern and the shearing capacity obtained from both two means were almost consistent, which implies the reliability of numerical simulation. These results can provide reference for the design and construction of shield tunnel. © 2024, Central South University Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Gaskets Gaskets Numerical models Numerical models Plates (structural components) Plates (structural components) Shearing Shearing Shielding Shielding Simulation platform Simulation platform Tunnel linings Tunnel linings
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| GB/T 7714 | Guan, Zhenchang , Yang, Zelong , Ning, Maoquan et al. On the shearing capacity characteristics of lining segment with uneven ring surface condition [J]. | Journal of Railway Science and Engineering , 2024 , 21 (4) : 1533-1543 . |
| MLA | Guan, Zhenchang et al. "On the shearing capacity characteristics of lining segment with uneven ring surface condition" . | Journal of Railway Science and Engineering 21 . 4 (2024) : 1533-1543 . |
| APA | Guan, Zhenchang , Yang, Zelong , Ning, Maoquan , Liu, Hao , Zheng, Lu . On the shearing capacity characteristics of lining segment with uneven ring surface condition . | Journal of Railway Science and Engineering , 2024 , 21 (4) , 1533-1543 . |
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Calculating disc cutter wear and predicting wear life are long-standing issues affecting the efficiency and cost of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). During the TBM excavation process, the wear of the disc cutter is a comprehensive outcome of the interaction between the tool and rock. Studying the mechanisms of tool rock breaking and wear can assist in developing a more precise model for predicting cutter wear. Therefore, based on the rock-breaking and wear mechanisms of a cutter, this study developed a model for predicting the cutter wear rate and life. The model is based on the theory of dense core–cavity expansion combined with the motion state of a cutter. First, the TBM excavation process and rock-breaking mechanism of a cutter were analyzed in detail. A cutting force model under the compression shear failure mode based on the dense core–cavity expansion theory was established. Based on the force model, a prediction model for the wear rate and life of the disc cutter was established, considering the working characteristics and wear mechanism. Furthermore, the impact of penetration on the prediction model was investigated. In addition, to demonstrate the practicality of the method, this study conducted a comprehensive examination using engineering examples. The results showed that the average difference in the cutter average wear rate using the developed model was less than 3% compared with the actual engineering result. In addition, the average difference in the wear life rate was less than 5%. Finally, the developed prediction method was compared with other models. The wear rate fitting accuracy was improved by 4.91–10.85% and the wear life fitting accuracy was improved by 5.11–12.19% by the developed method. This improvement confirms the reasonableness and reliability of the method. This method can estimate the wear rate and lifespan of a cutter more accurately and reliably than other methods, providing a practical tool to TBM engineers to make informed decisions and optimize tool replacement programs.
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| GB/T 7714 | H Su , Z C Guan , T Deng et al. Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core–cavity expansion theory (U-713) [J]. | IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science , 2024 , 1333 (1) . |
| MLA | H Su et al. "Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core–cavity expansion theory (U-713)" . | IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science 1333 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | H Su , Z C Guan , T Deng , Z Q Yang , J P Qin , L Zheng . Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core–cavity expansion theory (U-713) . | IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science , 2024 , 1333 (1) . |
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There have been ever more in-situ tunnel extension projects due to the growing demand for transportation. The traditional blast scheme requires a large quantity of explosive and the vibration effect is hard to control. In order to reduce explosive consumption and the vibration effect, an optimized non-cut blast scheme was proposed and applied to the in-situ expansion of the Gushan Tunnel. Refined numerical simulation was adopted to compare the traditional and optimized blast schemes. The vibration attenuation within the interlaid rock mass and the vibration effect on the adjacent tunnel were studied and compared. The simulation results were validated by the field monitoring of the vibration effect on the adjacent tunnel. Both the simulation and the monitoring results showed that the vibration velocity on the adjacent tunnel's back side was much smaller than its counterpart on the blast side, i.e., the presence of cavity reduced the blasting vibration effect significantly. The optimized non-cut blast scheme, which effectively utilized the existing free surface, could reduce the explosive consumption and vibration effect significantly, and might be preferred for in-situ tunnel expansion projects.
Keyword ：
field monitoring field monitoring in-situ tunnel expansion in-situ tunnel expansion non-cut blast scheme non-cut blast scheme numerical simulation numerical simulation vibration effect vibration effect
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| GB/T 7714 | Guan, Zhenchang , Xie, Lifu , Chen, Dong et al. Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring of Blasting Vibration for Tunnel In-Situ Expansion by a Non-Cut Blast Scheme [J]. | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (14) . |
| MLA | Guan, Zhenchang et al. "Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring of Blasting Vibration for Tunnel In-Situ Expansion by a Non-Cut Blast Scheme" . | SENSORS 24 . 14 (2024) . |
| APA | Guan, Zhenchang , Xie, Lifu , Chen, Dong , Shi, Jingkang . Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring of Blasting Vibration for Tunnel In-Situ Expansion by a Non-Cut Blast Scheme . | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (14) . |
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如何合理估算盾构隧道的地震响应,一直是业界和学界关注的研究热点.相较于横断面地震响应,盾构隧道的纵向地震响应更为复杂.将盾构隧道视为Winkler地基上的Timoshenko梁,考虑轴力影响,包括残余轴力和纵向地震附加轴力,提出纵向与横向地层位移共同作用的理论计算模型,并通过有限差分方法求解盾构隧道纵向地震响应.依托常规6.2 m级错缝拼装的盾构隧道进行算例验证,考虑轴力影响使得盾构隧道整体刚度得以提高,内力与变形响应均有所减小;若不考虑轴力影响,则可退化为传统计算方法.进一步地,通过参数敏感性分析探讨了隧道残余轴力、地基反力系数、地震波入射角及波长对盾构隧道纵向地震响应的影响规律.结果表明:残余轴力越大,等效梁整体刚度提升越大,盾构隧道地震响应越小;且入射角小于45°时,残余轴力对隧道地震响应的影响更加显著.地基反力系数越大,隧道整体挠度和环间局部非连续变形均越大;波长在20～100 m范围内的地震波更容易导致隧道环缝间发生较大的张开和错台.以上研究成果可为盾构隧道纵向抗震设计提供理论支撑.
Keyword ：
Timoshenko梁 Timoshenko梁 有限差分解 有限差分解 盾构隧道 盾构隧道 纵向地震响应 纵向地震响应
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| GB/T 7714 | 任璐瑶 , 吴镇杰 , 黄啟超 et al. 考虑轴力影响的盾构隧道纵向地震响应解析 [J]. | 岩土力学 , 2024 , 45 (10) : 2971-2980 . |
| MLA | 任璐瑶 et al. "考虑轴力影响的盾构隧道纵向地震响应解析" . | 岩土力学 45 . 10 (2024) : 2971-2980 . |
| APA | 任璐瑶 , 吴镇杰 , 黄啟超 , 关振长 . 考虑轴力影响的盾构隧道纵向地震响应解析 . | 岩土力学 , 2024 , 45 (10) , 2971-2980 . |
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Structural health monitoring is crucial for ensuring tunnel safety during construction and operational stage. Wireless sensor network (WSN) based monitoring has the advantages of real time and high frequency in data collecting, wireless transferring of data and ease of installation. In real practice, the placement of wireless sensors is needed to be optimized due to the limitation of monitoring cost. Furthermore, shield tunnel linings are subjected to random external loads in operational stage. A robust sensor placement (RSP) scheme should be able to capture the variation of random loads and place the sensors at structural sensitive locations. In order to design a robust sensor placement scheme, this paper proposes an information entropy based optimization method considering the randomness of external loads acting on tunnel linings. The proposed method mainly contains four parts: mechanical model construction, load uncertainty modelling, information entropy calculation and optimization of sensor placement scheme. A case study of Mawan cross-sea passage tunnel is conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. For the large diameter shield tunnel with ten segments, the most sensitive location to external random loads is founded to be 138° (segment B2). © 2024 The Author(s).
Keyword ：
Shielding Shielding Structural health monitoring Structural health monitoring Tunnel linings Tunnel linings Uncertainty analysis Uncertainty analysis Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks
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| GB/T 7714 | Shi, Jingkang , Huang, Hongwei , Guan, Zhenchang . Information entropy based Robust Sensor Placement (RSP) method for wireless sensing of shield tunnel deformation [C] . 2024 : 2778-2783 . |
| MLA | Shi, Jingkang et al. "Information entropy based Robust Sensor Placement (RSP) method for wireless sensing of shield tunnel deformation" . (2024) : 2778-2783 . |
| APA | Shi, Jingkang , Huang, Hongwei , Guan, Zhenchang . Information entropy based Robust Sensor Placement (RSP) method for wireless sensing of shield tunnel deformation . (2024) : 2778-2783 . |
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High stress in surrounding rock will lead to serious problems,e.g.,rock burst in hard rock and large defor-mation in soft rock.The applied support system under high in-situ stress conditions should be able to carry high load and also accommodate large deformation without experiencing severe damage.In this paper,a specially designed energy-absorbing component for rock bolt and cable that can solve the above problems was proposed.The energy-absorbing component can provide support resistance by plastic deformation of the metal including constraint annulus and compression pipe.For practical engineering,two forms were proposed.One was installed in the surrounding rock by reaming,and the other was installed directly outside the surrounding rock.During the dilation of the surrounding rock,the relative displacement of constraint annulus and compression pipe occurs,resulting in deformation resistance.Deformation resistance is transmitted to the rock bolt or cable,providing support resistance.The lab test and numerical simulation showed that the energy-absorbing component can perfectly achieve the large deformation effect,the deformation amount is as high as 694 mm,and the bearing capacity is stable at 367 kN.The field application tests were carried out in the mining roadway of Xinjulong coal mine,and the results showed that the new type of cable can ensure itself not to break under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock.The energy-absorbing component has the superiorities of perform-ing large constant resistance and controllable deformation to effectively control the unpredictable disas-ters such as large deformation in soft rock and rock burst in hard rock encountered in deep strata.
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| GB/T 7714 | Xuezhen Wu , Mingzhu Zhao , Qing Ye et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable [J]. | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） , 2024 , 34 (8) : 1083-1093 . |
| MLA | Xuezhen Wu et al. "A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable" . | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） 34 . 8 (2024) : 1083-1093 . |
| APA | Xuezhen Wu , Mingzhu Zhao , Qing Ye , Yujing Jiang , Tao Deng , Hanfang Zheng et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable . | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） , 2024 , 34 (8) , 1083-1093 . |
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Calculating disc cutter wear and predicting wear life are long-standing issues affecting the efficiency and cost of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). During the TBM excavation process, the wear of the disc cutter is a comprehensive outcome of the interaction between the tool and rock. Studying the mechanisms of tool rock breaking and wear can assist in developing a more precise model for predicting cutter wear. Therefore, based on the rock- breaking and wear mechanisms of a cutter, this study developed a model for predicting the cutter wear rate and life. The model is based on the theory of dense core-cavity expansion combined with the motion state of a cutter. First, the TBM excavation process and rock-breaking mechanism of a cutter were analyzed in detail. A cutting force model under the compression shear failure mode based on the dense core-cavity expansion theory was established. Based on the force model, a prediction model for the wear rate and life of the disc cutter was established, considering the working characteristics and wear mechanism. Furthermore, the impact of penetration on the prediction model was investigated. In addition, to demonstrate the practicality of the method, this study conducted a comprehensive examination using engineering examples. The results showed that the average difference in the cutter average wear rate using the developed model was less than 3% compared with the actual engineering result. In addition, the average difference in the wear life rate was less than 5%. Finally, the developed prediction method was compared with other models. The wear rate fitting accuracy was improved by 4.91-10.85% and the wear life fitting accuracy was improved by 5.11-12.19% by the developed method. This improvement confirms the reasonableness and reliability of the method. This method can estimate the wear rate and lifespan of a cutter more accurately and reliably than other methods, providing a practical tool to TBM engineers to make informed decisions and optimize tool replacement programs.
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| GB/T 7714 | Su, H. , Guan, Z. C. , Deng, T. et al. Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core-cavity expansion theory (U-713) [J]. | GEOSHANGHAI 2024 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, VOL 4 , 2024 , 1333 . |
| MLA | Su, H. et al. "Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core-cavity expansion theory (U-713)" . | GEOSHANGHAI 2024 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, VOL 4 1333 (2024) . |
| APA | Su, H. , Guan, Z. C. , Deng, T. , Yang, Z. Q. , Qin, J. P. , Zheng, L. . Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core-cavity expansion theory (U-713) . | GEOSHANGHAI 2024 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, VOL 4 , 2024 , 1333 . |
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Using a typical four-lane highway tunnel as a prototype, we conducted static pushover tests on a scaled-down model to examine the variations in ground displacement, ground pressure, and ground cracking with pushover distance. Compared with the test results of two-lane tunnel, the test results indicate that the ground is displaced reversely from the arching line and then cracked. Therefore, the location of fracture point should be modified from the bottom of the side wall to the arching line. The test results also show that the ground slides smoothly along the tunnel circumferential direction with a large inclination angle, so the potential slip planes should be modified from constant vertical to linear inclination. According to these test results, the applicability of surrounding ground pressure calculation model assumption in the four-lane tunnel is discussed, and a modified ground pressure calculation model suitable for the four-lane highway tunnels is proposed. These researches can provide experimental basis and technical support for the seismic calculation/checking of the four-lane highway tunnel, and provide reference for further improvement of surrounding ground pressure calculation model. © 2024 Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Conservation Conservation Highway engineering Highway engineering Jurassic Jurassic Vehicular tunnels Vehicular tunnels
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Qin-Wu , Chen, Zhi-Wei , Guan, Zhen-Chang et al. Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests [J]. | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (11) : 3315-3323 . |
| MLA | Lu, Qin-Wu et al. "Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests" . | Rock and Soil Mechanics 45 . 11 (2024) : 3315-3323 . |
| APA | Lu, Qin-Wu , Chen, Zhi-Wei , Guan, Zhen-Chang , Cai, Jian-Guo , Yang, Zhi-Wei . Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests . | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (11) , 3315-3323 . |
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