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学者姓名：关振长
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Abstract ：
Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness (LEBS) is a fundamental parameter of shield tunnels, which directly affects the longitudinal response analysis. The influence of axial force and bending moment on the LEBS of the shield tunnel has not been well considered through model test in existing studies. Therefore, a large-scale model test for circumferential joints was conducted in this study. The model lining was fabricated by 3D printed photosensitive resin and aluminium alloy rod. The test apparatus was specially designed and assembled to measure the LEBS under different axial forces. Five model tests were conducted to discuss the influences of axial force and bending moment on the LEBS. Meanwhile, the test results were validated via a series of numerical simulations upon the ABAQUS platform. Some conclusions can be summarized as follows: The LEBS varied nonlinearly with the bending moment, which could be divided into three stages. In the static resistance stage, the bending moment was mainly carried by the axial force, which led to a great value of LEBS. In the elastic bending stage, the bending moment was carried by the axial force and bolts jointly; the LEBS decreased rapidly with bending moment. In the plastic bending stage, the LEBS decreased slowly with bending moment and converged to its steady value. The quantitative influence of bending moment and axial force on LEBS could be fitted by Logistic function. Conveniently, the longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency eta increased exponentially with the axial force nonlinearly. In the model test, the eta ranged from 6.08 % to 16.82 % when N was within 0-9.2 MN. The eta ranged from 5.77 % to 25.11 % when N was within 0-10 MN in the numerical simulation. These researches could provide some references for the longitudinal deformation estimation and the lining design of shield tunnel.
Keyword ：
Axial force Axial force Circumferential joints Circumferential joints Longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency Longitudinal bending stiffness efficiency Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness Longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness Shield tunnel Shield tunnel
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Luyao , Yang, Zelong , Zheng, Junxing et al. Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force [J]. | STRUCTURES , 2025 , 75 . |
| MLA | Ren, Luyao et al. "Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force" . | STRUCTURES 75 (2025) . |
| APA | Ren, Luyao , Yang, Zelong , Zheng, Junxing , Chen, Siming , Guan, Zhenchang . Experimental and numerical studies on the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness of shield tunnel by considering axial force . | STRUCTURES , 2025 , 75 . |
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With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in mountain area of China, the lining-ground interaction mechanism of mountain tunnel has attracted more and more attentions. Considering the regular two-lane mountain tunnel with ground classification of grade V, the bi-directional pushover model tests were carried out. The details about model tests including similarity ratio, similar material, model container, model fabrication and measurement system were introduced, and the variation of ground displacement, ground strain, and ground pressure with bi-directional pushover distance were carefully analyzed. Then, the lining-ground interaction mechanism was further clarified, which could be generally divided into compacting stage, overturning stage, and coercing stage. The ground was compacted slightly in compacting stage, began to divert from the springline of lining in overturning stage, and shifted the overall lining synchronously in coercing stage. The ground near the crown and shoulder of lining was compressed circumstantially to form slipping zone, and the ground near the springline of lining was compressed radically to form squeezing zone. The ground pressure in the squeezing zone was greater than its opposite side, while the ground pressure in the slipping zone was smaller than its opposite side. The numerical simulations were also carried out, while the ground displacement and the ground pressure were focused and compared with experiment results. These researches could deepen the understanding of lining-ground interaction mechanism for mountain tunnel, and provide some experimental basis and technical support for the response displacement method in anti-seismic design of underground structures.
Keyword ：
Bi-directional pushover model test Bi-directional pushover model test Lining-ground interaction mechanism Lining-ground interaction mechanism Mountain tunnel Mountain tunnel Response displacement method Response displacement method
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| GB/T 7714 | Guan, Zhenchang , Lin, Yuanying , Qiu, Huasheng et al. The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 . |
| MLA | Guan, Zhenchang et al. "The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING (2025) . |
| APA | Guan, Zhenchang , Lin, Yuanying , Qiu, Huasheng , Wang, Guobo , Shi, Jingkang . The Lining-Ground Interaction Mechanism Under Seismic Scenario Based on Bi-lateral Pushover Model Tests and Numerical Simulations . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 . |
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In this study, advanced image processing technology is used to analyze the three-dimensional sand composite image, and the topography features of sand particles are successfully extracted and saved as high-quality image files. These image files were then trained using the latent diffusion model (LDM) to generate a large number of sand particles with real morphology, which were then applied to numerical studies. The effects of particle morphology on the macroscopic mechanical behavior and microscopic energy evolution of sand under complex stress paths were studied in detail, combined with the circular and elliptical particles widely used in current tests. The results show that with the increase of the irregularity of the sample shape, the cycle period and radius of the closed circle formed by the partial strain curve gradually decrease, and the center of the circle gradually shifts. In addition, the volume strain and liquefaction strength of sand samples increase with the increase of particle shape irregularity. It is particularly noteworthy that obvious vortex structures exist in the positions near the center where deformation is severe in the samples of circular and elliptical particles. However, such structures are difficult to be directly observed in sample with irregular particles. This phenomenon reveals the influence of particle morphology on the complexity of the mechanical behavior of sand, providing us with new insights into the understanding of the response mechanism of sand soil under complex stress conditions. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Keyword ：
DEM DEM Latent diffusion model (LDM) Latent diffusion model (LDM) Mechanical response Mechanical response Pattern recognition Pattern recognition Principal stress rotation (PSR) Principal stress rotation (PSR)
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Jichen , Zheng, Junxing , Gao, Lin et al. Study on micromechanical behavior and energy evolution of granular material generated by latent diffusion model under rotation of principal stresses [J]. | PARTICUOLOGY , 2024 , 96 : 71-83 . |
| MLA | Zhong, Jichen et al. "Study on micromechanical behavior and energy evolution of granular material generated by latent diffusion model under rotation of principal stresses" . | PARTICUOLOGY 96 (2024) : 71-83 . |
| APA | Zhong, Jichen , Zheng, Junxing , Gao, Lin , Wu, Qixin , Guan, Zhenchang , Li, Shuangping et al. Study on micromechanical behavior and energy evolution of granular material generated by latent diffusion model under rotation of principal stresses . | PARTICUOLOGY , 2024 , 96 , 71-83 . |
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Using a typical four-lane highway tunnel as a prototype, we conducted static pushover tests on a scaled-down model to examine the variations in ground displacement, ground pressure, and ground cracking with pushover distance. Compared with the test results of two-lane tunnel, the test results indicate that the ground is displaced reversely from the arching line and then cracked. Therefore, the location of fracture point should be modified from the bottom of the side wall to the arching line. The test results also show that the ground slides smoothly along the tunnel circumferential direction with a large inclination angle, so the potential slip planes should be modified from constant vertical to linear inclination. According to these test results, the applicability of surrounding ground pressure calculation model assumption in the four-lane tunnel is discussed, and a modified ground pressure calculation model suitable for the four-lane highway tunnels is proposed. These researches can provide experimental basis and technical support for the seismic calculation/checking of the four-lane highway tunnel, and provide reference for further improvement of surrounding ground pressure calculation model. © 2024 Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Conservation Conservation Highway engineering Highway engineering Jurassic Jurassic Vehicular tunnels Vehicular tunnels
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Qin-Wu , Chen, Zhi-Wei , Guan, Zhen-Chang et al. Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests [J]. | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (11) : 3315-3323 . |
| MLA | Lu, Qin-Wu et al. "Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests" . | Rock and Soil Mechanics 45 . 11 (2024) : 3315-3323 . |
| APA | Lu, Qin-Wu , Chen, Zhi-Wei , Guan, Zhen-Chang , Cai, Jian-Guo , Yang, Zhi-Wei . Ground pressure calculation model of four-lane highway tunnel based on static pushover tests . | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (11) , 3315-3323 . |
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以典型4车道公路隧道为原型,开展缩尺模型的静力推覆试验,重点关注地层位移、地层裂缝、围岩压力随推覆位移的发展规律,并与 2 车道隧道的试验结果展开对比.试验结果表明:(1)地层以起拱线为界发生相反方向位移进而产生裂缝,因此计算模型中起裂点位置应由边墙底部修正为起拱线处.(2)地层在推覆作用下沿隧道环向平顺滑移且大角度偏转倾斜,因此计算模型中潜在滑移面应由恒定竖直修正为线性倾斜.在此基础上,探讨了围岩压力计算模型假定在4车道隧道中的适用性,提出适用于 4 车道公路隧道的围岩压力修正计算模型.研究成果可为 4 车道公路隧道的抗震计算/验算提供试验依据与技术支撑,为围岩压力计算模型的进一步完善提供参考.
Keyword ：
4车道公路隧道 4车道公路隧道 修正计算模型 修正计算模型 围岩压力 围岩压力 缩尺模型试验 缩尺模型试验 静力推覆试验 静力推覆试验
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| GB/T 7714 | 卢钦武 , 陈智威 , 关振长 et al. 基于静力推覆试验的4车道公路隧道围岩压力计算模型研究 [J]. | 岩土力学 , 2024 , 45 (11) : 3315-3323 . |
| MLA | 卢钦武 et al. "基于静力推覆试验的4车道公路隧道围岩压力计算模型研究" . | 岩土力学 45 . 11 (2024) : 3315-3323 . |
| APA | 卢钦武 , 陈智威 , 关振长 , 蔡建国 , 杨志伟 . 基于静力推覆试验的4车道公路隧道围岩压力计算模型研究 . | 岩土力学 , 2024 , 45 (11) , 3315-3323 . |
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How to estimate the seismic response of shield tunnels reasonably has been a significant issue in both industry and academia. Compared with the transverse seismic response, the longitudinal seismic response is more complex. The shield tunnel is modeled as a Timoshenko beam on Winkler foundations, considering both residual axial force and additional axial force due to longitudinal seismic. A theoretical model was presented to consider the longitudinal and transverse stratum displacements. The longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnels was solved using the finite difference method. The theoretical model and calculation method were validated through case studies of stagger-assembled shield tunnels with a 6.2 m diameter. Considering axial force increased the overall stiffness of shield tunnel, resulting in decreased internal force and deformation response. The proposed method was degraded to the traditional one when the axial force is neglected. The influences of residual axial force, seismic wavelength, seismic incidence angle and foundation reaction coefficient on the longitudinal seismic response were further explored. With the increase of residual axial force, the overall stiffness of shield tunnel increased, and the peak seismic response of shield tunnel decreased. When the incident angle is less than 45°, the influences of residual axial force and foundation reaction coefficient on the peak response were more significant. With the increase of the foundation reaction coefficient, the tunnel deflection and the discontinuous deformation between joints increased. Wavelengths between 20 m and 100 m may lead to greater opening and dislocation between joints. These studies can provide theoretical support for the longitudinal seismic design of shield tunnels. © 2024 Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Axial flow Axial flow Jurassic Jurassic Miocene Miocene Radiation shielding Radiation shielding Seismic design Seismic design Seismic response Seismic response
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Lu-Yao , Wu, Zhen-Jie , Huang, Qi-Chao et al. Analytical study on longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnels considering axial force [J]. | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (10) : 2971-2980 . |
| MLA | Ren, Lu-Yao et al. "Analytical study on longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnels considering axial force" . | Rock and Soil Mechanics 45 . 10 (2024) : 2971-2980 . |
| APA | Ren, Lu-Yao , Wu, Zhen-Jie , Huang, Qi-Chao , Guan, Zhen-Chang . Analytical study on longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnels considering axial force . | Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2024 , 45 (10) , 2971-2980 . |
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High stress in surrounding rock will lead to serious problems,e.g.,rock burst in hard rock and large defor-mation in soft rock.The applied support system under high in-situ stress conditions should be able to carry high load and also accommodate large deformation without experiencing severe damage.In this paper,a specially designed energy-absorbing component for rock bolt and cable that can solve the above problems was proposed.The energy-absorbing component can provide support resistance by plastic deformation of the metal including constraint annulus and compression pipe.For practical engineering,two forms were proposed.One was installed in the surrounding rock by reaming,and the other was installed directly outside the surrounding rock.During the dilation of the surrounding rock,the relative displacement of constraint annulus and compression pipe occurs,resulting in deformation resistance.Deformation resistance is transmitted to the rock bolt or cable,providing support resistance.The lab test and numerical simulation showed that the energy-absorbing component can perfectly achieve the large deformation effect,the deformation amount is as high as 694 mm,and the bearing capacity is stable at 367 kN.The field application tests were carried out in the mining roadway of Xinjulong coal mine,and the results showed that the new type of cable can ensure itself not to break under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock.The energy-absorbing component has the superiorities of perform-ing large constant resistance and controllable deformation to effectively control the unpredictable disas-ters such as large deformation in soft rock and rock burst in hard rock encountered in deep strata.
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| GB/T 7714 | Xuezhen Wu , Mingzhu Zhao , Qing Ye et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable [J]. | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） , 2024 , 34 (8) : 1083-1093 . |
| MLA | Xuezhen Wu et al. "A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable" . | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） 34 . 8 (2024) : 1083-1093 . |
| APA | Xuezhen Wu , Mingzhu Zhao , Qing Ye , Yujing Jiang , Tao Deng , Hanfang Zheng et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel:Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable . | 矿业科学技术学报（英文版） , 2024 , 34 (8) , 1083-1093 . |
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为避免盾构轴线偏离引发衬砌管片错台、开裂等质量与安全问题,提出一种基于机器学习算法的盾构姿态智能预测模型与控制方法.以盾构掘进施工的实测数据为驱动,通过贝叶斯优化(BO)与支持向量回归(SVR)构建盾构姿态预测模型,挖掘施工参数-地层信息-盾构姿态三者间的非线性关系.结合模拟退火算法(SA)形成可控施工参数动态调整的盾构姿态控制方法,并将其应用于福州滨海快线南—三区间隧道的工程实践.主要结论如下:1)经数据预处理、特征筛选及BO超参数优化,基于SVR的盾构姿态预测模型具备优异的预测性能和泛化能力;2)结合SA算法进行可控施工参数调整时,需设置合理的优化规则,以确保所推荐的可控施工参数具备可操作性;3)将姿态控制方法应用于南—三区间后续掘进施工以辅助纠偏,盾尾垂直偏差在10环掘进过程中由45 mm减至18 mm,实现了连续稳定纠偏.
Keyword ：
施工参数调整 施工参数调整 机器学习 机器学习 盾构姿态控制 盾构姿态控制 盾构姿态预测 盾构姿态预测 盾构隧道 盾构隧道
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| GB/T 7714 | 关振长 , 谢立夫 , 周宇轩 et al. 基于机器学习的盾构姿态预测模型与控制方法研究 [J]. | 隧道建设（中英文） , 2024 , 44 (10) : 2032-2040 . |
| MLA | 关振长 et al. "基于机器学习的盾构姿态预测模型与控制方法研究" . | 隧道建设（中英文） 44 . 10 (2024) : 2032-2040 . |
| APA | 关振长 , 谢立夫 , 周宇轩 , 罗嵩 , 许超 . 基于机器学习的盾构姿态预测模型与控制方法研究 . | 隧道建设（中英文） , 2024 , 44 (10) , 2032-2040 . |
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Abstract ：
High stress in surrounding rock will lead to serious problems, e.g., rock burst in hard rock and large deformation in soft rock. The applied support system under high in-situ stress conditions should be able to carry high load and also accommodate large deformation without experiencing severe damage. In this paper, a specially designed energy-absorbing component for rock bolt and cable that can solve the above problems was proposed. The energy-absorbing component can provide support resistance by plastic deformation of the metal including constraint annulus and compression pipe. For practical engineering, two forms were proposed. One was installed in the surrounding rock by reaming, and the other was installed directly outside the surrounding rock. During the dilation of the surrounding rock, the relative displacement of constraint annulus and compression pipe occurs, resulting in deformation resistance. Deformation resistance is transmitted to the rock bolt or cable, providing support resistance. The lab test and numerical simulation showed that the energy-absorbing component can perfectly achieve the large deformation effect, the deformation amount is as high as 694 mm, and the bearing capacity is stable at 367 kN. The field application tests were carried out in the mining roadway of Xinjulong coal mine, and the results showed that the new type of cable can ensure itself not to break under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock. The energy-absorbing component has the superiorities of performing large constant resistance and controllable deformation to effectively control the unpredictable disasters such as large deformation in soft rock and rock burst in hard rock encountered in deep strata. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
Energy-absorbing cable Energy-absorbing cable Lab test Lab test Load capacity Load capacity Numerical simulation Numerical simulation Ultimate displacement Ultimate displacement
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Xuezhen , Zhao, Mingzhu , Ye, Qing et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel: Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 34 (8) : 1083-1093 . |
| MLA | Wu, Xuezhen et al. "A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel: Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 34 . 8 (2024) : 1083-1093 . |
| APA | Wu, Xuezhen , Zhao, Mingzhu , Ye, Qing , Jiang, Yujing , Deng, Tao , Zheng, Hanfang et al. A new deformable cable for rock support in high stress tunnel: Steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 34 (8) , 1083-1093 . |
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Obtaining the three-dimensional (3D) shape of gravel particles is essential for calculating their roundness and sphericity. However, cost-effective, and rapid non-penetrating 3D imaging technologies, such as 3D laser scanners, stereophotography, and structured light techniques, only capture the geometric shape of the upper half particles (2.5D particles), unable to penetrate a particle to acquire the shape of the lower half. Current algorithms cannot accurately classify real 3D particles using easily available and low-cost 2.5D particles. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a dynamic graph edge convolution neural network (DGECNN) based on deep learning, utilizing 2.5D point clouds to characterize and classify the roundness and sphericity of 3D particles. The dataset comprises 4200 2.5D point clouds labeled into 12 roundness-sphericity categories based on corresponding complete 3D particle characterizations. Experimental results demonstrate that with a sampling point of 1200 and a batch size of 64, the training time is relatively shorter, and the automatic classification accuracy reaches a peak of 90.76%. Finally, compared to the traditional 3D CG method, the DGECNN classification is equally applicable to sand-size particles and exhibits significant advantages in roundness-sphericity, volume, surface area, and convex hull volume.
Keyword ：
Deep learning Deep learning Dynamic graph Dynamic graph Edge convolution Edge convolution Particle shape classification Particle shape classification Stereophotography Stereophotography
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| GB/T 7714 | Xi, Junbo , Gao, Lin , Zheng, Junxing et al. Gravel Particle Shape Classification from Half-Particle Point Clouds using a Dynamic Graph Edge Convolution Neural Network [J]. | COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS , 2024 , 179 . |
| MLA | Xi, Junbo et al. "Gravel Particle Shape Classification from Half-Particle Point Clouds using a Dynamic Graph Edge Convolution Neural Network" . | COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS 179 (2024) . |
| APA | Xi, Junbo , Gao, Lin , Zheng, Junxing , Wang, Dong , Wang, Gezhou , Guan, Zhenchang et al. Gravel Particle Shape Classification from Half-Particle Point Clouds using a Dynamic Graph Edge Convolution Neural Network . | COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS , 2024 , 179 . |
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