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学者姓名：谢友坪
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Abstract ：
为探索雨生红球藻渣多糖的综合利用价值，本研究采用40%、60%和80%的乙醇梯度分离雨生红球藻渣多糖，依次得到HP40、HP60、HP80三个粗多糖组分，通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、凝胶色谱-示差-多角度激光光散射系统（HPSEC-MALS-RI）等方法对各组分多糖的单糖组成、分子量、结构、粒径和Zeta电位等理化特性进行分析，并测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明，乙醇浓度显著影响所沉淀雨生红球藻渣多糖的理化性质和抗氧化活性。醇沉粗多糖的得率和纯度随着乙醇浓度的增加而降低，并且乙醇浓度越高，沉淀的粗多糖分子量越低。本研究提取的粗多糖的纯度较高，其中HP40的总糖含量可达99.46%±0.015%。三种组分均包含Glc、Man、Gal、Ara、Rha、Xyl、Fuc、Glc-UA这8种单糖，但单糖组成及比例并不相同，与HP40相比，HP60和HP80还含有核糖，共有9种单糖。HP的粒径和Zeta电位分析结果表明，HP80的粒径最小（73.505±2.405 nm）且Zeta电位的绝对值最大（−11.6 mV）。抗氧化分析结果表明，HP80的抗氧化活性最强，且对羟自由基的清除率最高可达96%以上（10.0 mg/mL）。综上所述，梯度醇沉可以对雨生红球藻渣多糖进行初步分离，得到单糖组成、粒径、分子量、抗氧化活性各不相同的粗多糖。其中，40%乙醇所沉淀的粗多糖得率和糖含量最高，80%乙醇所沉淀的粗多糖分子量最小、抗氧化能力最强。
Keyword ：
分子量 分子量 单糖组成 单糖组成 多糖 多糖 抗氧化活性 抗氧化活性 梯度醇沉 梯度醇沉 理化性质 理化性质 粒径 粒径 雨生红球藻渣 雨生红球藻渣
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| GB/T 7714 | 肖金艳 , 宋瑞萍 , 王宝贝 et al. 梯度醇沉雨生红球藻渣多糖的理化性质及 体外抗氧化活性研究 [J]. | 食品工业科技 , 2025 , 46 (6) : 1-11 . |
| MLA | 肖金艳 et al. "梯度醇沉雨生红球藻渣多糖的理化性质及 体外抗氧化活性研究" . | 食品工业科技 46 . 6 (2025) : 1-11 . |
| APA | 肖金艳 , 宋瑞萍 , 王宝贝 , 林丽芹 , 谢友坪 , 加晶 . 梯度醇沉雨生红球藻渣多糖的理化性质及 体外抗氧化活性研究 . | 食品工业科技 , 2025 , 46 (6) , 1-11 . |
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Chromochloris zofingiensis, capable of high-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation, is deemed a highly promising contender for producing astaxanthin. However, the relatively low astaxanthin content impedes the improvement of its production. Herein, the cultivation conditions for heterotrophic astaxanthin production were optimized in this study. An optimized medium was proposed with a culture temperature of 30 degrees C and an initial biomass concentration of 0.6 g/L. Additionally, a two-stage cultivation strategy, supplying glucose upon carbon depletion, was explored to enhance both biomass concentration and astaxanthin content. Furthermore, a continuous fed-batch cultivation strategy, maintaining the glucose concentration at around 5 g/L under nitrogen deficiency, was established in a 5 L fermenter. This approach resulted in an impressive astaxanthin content of 1.92 mg/g and an outstanding astaxanthin production of 238.83 mg/L, surpassing most reported results obtained solely through fed-batch operation under heterotrophic cultivation. The findings highlight the immense potential of the proposed cultivation strategy for commercial astaxanthin production using C . zofingiensis.
Keyword ：
Astaxanthin Astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis Chromochloris zofingiensis Culture conditions Culture conditions Fed-batch strategy Fed-batch strategy Heterotrophic cultivation Heterotrophic cultivation
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Ruijuan , Ma, Xin , Qiao, Yongcui et al. Improved production of astaxanthin in heterotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis through optimized culture conditions incorporating an efficient fed-batch strategy [J]. | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2025 , 86 . |
| MLA | Ma, Ruijuan et al. "Improved production of astaxanthin in heterotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis through optimized culture conditions incorporating an efficient fed-batch strategy" . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 86 (2025) . |
| APA | Ma, Ruijuan , Ma, Xin , Qiao, Yongcui , Wang, Baobei , Ho, Shih-Hsin , Chen, Jianfeng et al. Improved production of astaxanthin in heterotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis through optimized culture conditions incorporating an efficient fed-batch strategy . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2025 , 86 . |
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Haematococcus pluvialis has been used for commercial production of natural astaxanthin, yet the production cost is quite high due to the relatively low production efficiency. Exploring highly efficient cultivation strategies can be used to enhance the economic feasibility. In this study, an efficient nitrogen feeding strategy accompanied with high light induction was explored to enhance the biomass concentration and astaxanthin content in H. pluvialis QLD. The results demonstrated that 1 x NaNO3 was the best feeding source under high light conditions, and feeding two times (Fed-batch II) obtained the best astaxanthin productivity. The maximum values of astaxanthin content, production, and productivity were 65.62 mg/g, 430.29 mg/L, and 26.77 mg/L/d, respectively, under Fed-batch II, surpassing previous findings reported in most studies. Biochemical composition analysis revealed alterations in the biosynthesis of cellular metabolites under Fed-batch II, indicating the mitigation of stresses on microalgal cells and an enhancement of metabolic flux towards astaxanthin production. Moreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis during the late stage of Fed-batch II. The findings elucidate that the proposed fed-batch strategy can be employed for the highly efficient production of natural astaxanthin by H. pluvialis.
Keyword ：
Astaxanthin Astaxanthin Haematococcus pluvialis Haematococcus pluvialis High light induction High light induction Hyper-production Hyper-production Nitrogen feeding strategy Nitrogen feeding strategy
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Ruijuan , Tao, Xinyi , Wang, Baobei et al. Hyper-production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by a highly efficient nitrogen feeding strategy accompanied with high light induction [J]. | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2025 , 85 . |
| MLA | Ma, Ruijuan et al. "Hyper-production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by a highly efficient nitrogen feeding strategy accompanied with high light induction" . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 85 (2025) . |
| APA | Ma, Ruijuan , Tao, Xinyi , Wang, Baobei , Ho, Shih-Hsin , Chen, Jianfeng , Xie, Youping . Hyper-production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by a highly efficient nitrogen feeding strategy accompanied with high light induction . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2025 , 85 . |
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The versatile trophic adaptability of Chlorella sorokiniana has garnered significant attention, establishing it as a promising alga for efficient lutein production. In this study, the lutein production characteristics of C . sorokiniana FZU60 were compared under autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions. The results demonstrated that glucose supplementation promoted algal cell growth but concurrently reduced lutein content. In contrast, light induction was essential for enhancing lutein synthesis. Consequently, two-stage trophic strategies were developed to simultaneously facilitate cell growth and lutein synthesis. It was determined that optimal lutein production could be achieved by employing the heterotrophy-mixotrophy strategy in conjunction with white light at 500 mu mol/m2/s during the second stage (mixotrophic stage). Furthermore, combining the heterotrophymixotrophy strategy with fed-batch operation further enhanced the efficacy of lutein production in FZU60. The resulting lutein productivity demonstrated a remarkable 365.1 % improvement over the heterotrophy strategy (Strategy I) and an 80.8 % increase over the mixotrophy strategy (Strategy III), when both were coupled with fed- batch operation. These findings were subsequently validated in a 5 L fermenter where FZU60 exhibited exceptional lutein content, yield, and productivity reaching 6.14 mg/g, 285.02 mg/L, and 44.95 mg/L/d, respectively. Overall, this study successfully develops an effective cultivation strategy to address the inherent conflict between cell growth and lutein synthesis in algal cells, thereby demonstrating considerable potential as an industrial pathway for efficient lutein production.
Keyword ：
Chlorella sorokiniana Chlorella sorokiniana Fed-batch operation Fed-batch operation Lutein Lutein Trophic mode Trophic mode Trophic transition Trophic transition
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Zhen , Cai, Weixin , Ma, Ruijuan et al. Two-stage trophic strategy coupled with fed-batch operation for simultaneous enhancement of cell growth and lutein synthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana [J]. | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 215 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Zhen et al. "Two-stage trophic strategy coupled with fed-batch operation for simultaneous enhancement of cell growth and lutein synthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana" . | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 215 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Zhen , Cai, Weixin , Ma, Ruijuan , Ho, Shih-Hsin , Xie, Youping , Chen, Jianfeng . Two-stage trophic strategy coupled with fed-batch operation for simultaneous enhancement of cell growth and lutein synthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana . | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 215 . |
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Chlorella sorokiniana is a promising candidate for lutein production. However, the diversified pigment composition results in a complex and costly extraction process. In this study, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (MT03) of C. sorokiniana FZU60 was generated by chemical mutagenesis, exhibiting lutein as the primary pigment under heterotrophic conditions with higher content and production than the wild type (WT). Transcriptomic and biochemical composition analyses showed the decreased contents of carbohydrates, lipids, and chlorophylls in MT03, which might lead to the increased biosynthesis of lutein and protein. The inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis also triggered the enhanced heme biosynthesis, potentially promoting the functions of cytochrome P450 carotenoid hydroxylases and subsequently facilitating lutein biosynthesis in MT03. Sequencing analysis indicated that the mutation of G1106 to D1106 in MT03 CHLH might hinder the magnesium chelating reaction, leading to the deficiency in chlorophyll biosynthesis. These findings highlight the potential of MT03 as a promising strain for lutein-directed biosynthesis and provide a straightforward and cost-effective approach for enhancing microalgae-based lutein production.
Keyword ：
Chlorella sorokiniana Chlorella sorokiniana Chlorophyll-deficient mutant Chlorophyll-deficient mutant Lutein Lutein Magnesium chelatase Magnesium chelatase Transcriptomic analysis Transcriptomic analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Xie, Youping , Lin, Wenjin , Zhang, Wen et al. Chlorophyll-deficient triggers heterotrophic lutein-directed biosynthesis in a novel mutant strain of Chlorella sorokiniana (Chlorophyta): Process characterization and underlying mechanism [J]. | AQUACULTURE , 2025 , 598 . |
| MLA | Xie, Youping et al. "Chlorophyll-deficient triggers heterotrophic lutein-directed biosynthesis in a novel mutant strain of Chlorella sorokiniana (Chlorophyta): Process characterization and underlying mechanism" . | AQUACULTURE 598 (2025) . |
| APA | Xie, Youping , Lin, Wenjin , Zhang, Wen , Meng, Xing , Ma, Ruijuan , Wang, Baobei et al. Chlorophyll-deficient triggers heterotrophic lutein-directed biosynthesis in a novel mutant strain of Chlorella sorokiniana (Chlorophyta): Process characterization and underlying mechanism . | AQUACULTURE , 2025 , 598 . |
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Nitrogen starvation is a high-efficiency strategy for inducing microalgae to accumulate lipids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids. Traditional nitrogen starvation that transfers microalgal cells into nitrogen depletion abruptly (AND) is labor-consuming and irreversibly damages microalgae. This study used gradual nitrogen depletion in medium (GND) to effectively induce carbohydrates, TAGs, and carotenoids accumulation in Nannochloropsis. After GND for 7 days, the carbohydrate and lipid contents were 1.34- and 0.15-fold higher than the initial content. In addition, astaxnathin and canthaxanthin contents were induced from 0 to 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/g DW and 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/g DW, respectively. Three days of GND revealed 158 significant differentially regulated proteins, including 113 up- and 45 down-regulated proteins. The proteins were involved in pathways for photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Gradual nitrogen depletion stimulated carbohydrate and TAG biosynthesis, fluxed more photosynthetic carbon into the carbohydrate reservoir and strengthened the TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle. Transcriptional studies also showed that GND up-regulated the genes involved in carbohydrates and TAG biosynthesis. This study proposed a possible GND regulatory model for carbon repartition in Nannochloropsis. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword ：
Carbon repartition Carbon repartition Gradual nitrogen depletion Gradual nitrogen depletion Nannochloropsis Nannochloropsis Nitrogen starvation Nitrogen starvation Proteomics Proteomics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, B. , Xu, Y. , Lin, L. et al. Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion [J]. | Algal Research , 2024 , 82 . |
| MLA | Wang, B. et al. "Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion" . | Algal Research 82 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, B. , Xu, Y. , Lin, L. , Xiao, J. , Xie, Y. , Dai, C. et al. Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion . | Algal Research , 2024 , 82 . |
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叶黄素是天然的抗氧化剂,对人体健康有多种益处,异养小球藻具有叶黄素纯度和产量均较高的优势,而小球藻叶黄素产量主要取决于生物质产量和叶黄素含量两个因素.传统的光密度法测生物质产量和高效液相色谱法测叶黄素含量存在操作复杂、时效性低等不足.为了快速、无损测定小球藻生长过程中叶黄素含量变化,搭建可见-近红外双模式快照式多光谱成像检测系统,根据光谱响应区域,分别利用可见光相机获取叶黄素光谱信息,近红外相机获取生物质光谱信息,构建含有生物质量和叶黄素含量信息的可见-近红外双模式多光谱数据集.针对系统所使用的快照式多光谱相机光谱范围宽、波长数量少的特征波长选取问题,提出一种结合序列浮动前向选择的改进型连续投影算法(mSPA);将mSPA与常规的连续投影算法、遗传算法及随机蛙跳三种波长选择算法作对比分析后,构建了基于特征波长的多元线性回归和极限学习机模型;最后,利用生物质产量和叶黄素含量的最佳预测模型生成小球藻叶黄素产量的可视化分布图.结果表明,在利用近红外、可见光相机分别检测小球藻生物质、叶黄素量时,mSPA得到的特征波长数均较少,并具有最高的预测精度.生物质量与叶黄素含量的最佳模型均为mSPA筛选特征波长后建立的极限学习机模型,对应的预测集决定系数分别为0.947和0.907,预测集均方根误差分别为0.698 g·L-1和0.077 mg·g-1,剩余预测偏差分别为3.535和3.338,模型的预测能力较好.可视化分布实现了直观监测小球藻叶黄素产量的变化,有助于后续实际生产中在线检测叶黄素产量.mSPA在快照式多光谱检测小球藻生物质含量及叶黄素含量中,通过对排序波长逐个评估以选择出最佳特征波长组合,有效地避免了特征波长的错选、漏选,提高了模型的预测精度,为快照式多光谱成像技术应用提供新的波长选择思路.
Keyword ：
叶黄素产量 叶黄素产量 小球藻 小球藻 快照式多光谱 快照式多光谱 特征波长 特征波长
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| GB/T 7714 | 沈英 , 占秀兴 , 黄春红 et al. 基于快照式多光谱特征波长的小球藻叶黄素产量快速测定 [J]. | 光谱学与光谱分析 , 2024 , 44 (8) : 2216-2223 . |
| MLA | 沈英 et al. "基于快照式多光谱特征波长的小球藻叶黄素产量快速测定" . | 光谱学与光谱分析 44 . 8 (2024) : 2216-2223 . |
| APA | 沈英 , 占秀兴 , 黄春红 , 谢友坪 , 郭翠霞 , 黄峰 . 基于快照式多光谱特征波长的小球藻叶黄素产量快速测定 . | 光谱学与光谱分析 , 2024 , 44 (8) , 2216-2223 . |
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Nitrogen starvation is a high-efficiency strategy for inducing microalgae to accumulate lipids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids. Traditional nitrogen starvation that transfers microalgal cells into nitrogen depletion abruptly (AND) is labor-consuming and irreversibly damages microalgae. This study used gradual nitrogen depletion in medium (GND) to effectively induce carbohydrates, TAGs, and carotenoids accumulation in Nannochloropsis. After GND for 7 days, the carbohydrate and lipid contents were 1.34- and 0.15-fold higher than the initial content. In addition, astaxnathin and canthaxanthin contents were induced from 0 to 0.32 +/- 0.03 mg/g DW and 0.09 +/- 0.01 mg/g DW, respectively. Three days of GND revealed 158 significant differentially regulated proteins, including 113 up- and 45 down-regulated proteins. The proteins were involved in pathways for photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Gradual nitrogen depletion stimulated carbohydrate and TAG biosynthesis, fluxed more photosynthetic carbon into the carbohydrate reservoir and strengthened the TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle. Transcriptional studies also showed that GND up-regulated the genes involved in carbohydrates and TAG biosynthesis. This study proposed a possible GND regulatory model for carbon repartition in Nannochloropsis.
Keyword ：
Carbon repartition Carbon repartition Gradual nitrogen depletion Gradual nitrogen depletion Nannochloropsis Nannochloropsis Nitrogen starvation Nitrogen starvation Proteomics Proteomics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Baobei , Xu, Yayun , Lin, Liqin et al. Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion [J]. | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2024 , 82 . |
| MLA | Wang, Baobei et al. "Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion" . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 82 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Baobei , Xu, Yayun , Lin, Liqin , Xiao, Jinyan , Xie, Youping , Dai, Congjie et al. Remodeling of central carbon metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to gradual nitrogen depletion . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2024 , 82 . |
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Lutein is a natural antioxidant that has numerous benefits for human health. Heterotrophic Chlorella sorokiniana has the advantage of high purity and production of lutein. In contrast, the production of lutein in Chlorella sorokiniana mainly depends on two factors: biomass productivity and lutein content. However, conventional approaches such as the optical density method for measuring biomass productivity and high-performance liquid chromatography for measuring lutein content suffer from drawbacks, including complex procedures and limited timeliness. A visible near-infrared dual-mode snapshot multispectral imaging detection system was constructed to rapidly and non-destructively determine the variations in lutein production during the growth process of Chlorella sorokiniana. Based on the spectral response range, the visible camera was used to obtain the spectral information image of lutein content, and the near-infrared camera was used to obtain the spectral information image of biomass productivity to build a visible near-infrared dual mode multispectral dataset containing biomass productivity and lutein content information. To address the issue of wide spectral range and limited wavelengths in the snapshot multispectral camera used in the system, a novel approach combining sequential floating forward selection with a modified successive projections algorithm (mSPA) was proposed. A comparative study was conducted, evaluating mSPA against successive projections algorithm, genetic algorithm, and random frog algorithm for wavelength selection. Multiple linear regression and extreme learning machine models were constructed based on the selected feature wavelengths. Finally, the optimal predictive models for biomass productivity and lutein content were used to generate a visualization distribution map of lutein production in Chlorella sorokiniana. The results indicated that when using near-infrared and visible cameras for biomass productivity and lutein detection in Chlorella sorokiniana, the mSPA algorithm consistently yielded fewer feature wavelengths for both biomass productivity and lutein and achieved the highest prediction accuracy. The optimal models of biomass productivity and lutein content were established using the mSPA-selected feature wavelengths in combination with an extreme learning machine. The corresponding coefficients of determination for the prediction sets were 0. 947 for biomass productivity and 0. 907 for lutein, with root mean square errors of 0. 698 g . L-1 and 0. 077 mg . g(-1) and residual prediction deviations of 3. 535 and 3. 338, respectively. The models demonstrated good predictive capabilities. The visualization distribution successfully achieved intuitive monitoring of lutein production variations in Chlorella sorokiniana which is beneficial for online detection of lutein content in practical production scenarios. The mSPA algorithm, employed in the snapshot multispectral detection of biomass productivity and lutein content in Chlorella sorokiniana, effectively avoided the incorrect selection and omission of feature wavelengths by evaluating each sorted wavelength individually, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the models. This approach provides a new wavelength selection strategy for applying snapshot multispectral imaging technology.
Keyword ：
Chlorella sorokiniana Chlorella sorokiniana Feature wavelengths Feature wavelengths Lutein production Lutein production Snapshot multispectral Snapshot multispectral
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| GB/T 7714 | Shen Ying , Zhan Xiu-xing , Huang Chun-hong et al. Rapid Determination of Chlorella Sorokiniana Lutein Production Based on Snapshot Multispectral Feature Wavelengths [J]. | SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS , 2024 , 44 (8) : 2216-2223 . |
| MLA | Shen Ying et al. "Rapid Determination of Chlorella Sorokiniana Lutein Production Based on Snapshot Multispectral Feature Wavelengths" . | SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 44 . 8 (2024) : 2216-2223 . |
| APA | Shen Ying , Zhan Xiu-xing , Huang Chun-hong , Xie You-ping , Guo Cui-xia , Huang Feng . Rapid Determination of Chlorella Sorokiniana Lutein Production Based on Snapshot Multispectral Feature Wavelengths . | SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS , 2024 , 44 (8) , 2216-2223 . |
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Chlorella meal is considered a promising alternative to fish meal in aquafeeds, but the effects of incorporating Chlorella meal as a feed ingredient on the growth and quality of eel have not been explored. The effects of partially substituting fish meal (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %) with Chlorella meal on the growth performance, whole-body composition, pigmentation, and physiological health of marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata) were evaluated in this study. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of Chlorella meal significantly increased the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), but it significantly decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR), with these parameters exhibiting linear trends (P < 0.05). The whole-body protein and fat contents were significantly higher in all groups fed with diets containing Chlorella meal compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the dorsal and abdominal skin of marbled eel exhibited an orange-yellow color, and the color intensity increased with increasing levels of dietary Chlorella meal. The color change corresponded to increased values of a* (redness), b* (yellowness), and lutein content in the fish skin (P < 0.05). The physiological health of marbled eel also improved in the groups where Chlorella meal was included. The optimal replacement rate was approximately 10 % (9 % Chlorella meal supplementation), because the whole-body protein content and most physiological health parameters were highest under this condition, and the growth performance did not show a significant increase when the fish meal replacement rate exceeded 10 % (P > 0.05). These findings indicate the potential of Chlorella meal as a promising alternative to fish meal in feed formulations, offering benefits in enhancing growth performance and quality of marbled eel.
Keyword ：
Chlorella meal Chlorella meal Growth performance Growth performance Marbled eel Marbled eel Physiological health Physiological health Pigmentation Pigmentation Whole-body composition Whole-body composition
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Kaiyun , Liu, Xinyu , Ma, Ruijuan et al. Effects of substituting fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, whole-body composition, pigmentation, and physiological health of marbled eel ( Anguilla marmorata ) [J]. | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2024 , 80 . |
| MLA | Huang, Kaiyun et al. "Effects of substituting fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, whole-body composition, pigmentation, and physiological health of marbled eel ( Anguilla marmorata )" . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 80 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Kaiyun , Liu, Xinyu , Ma, Ruijuan , Wang, Baobei , Ho, Shih-Hsin , Chen, Jianfeng et al. Effects of substituting fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, whole-body composition, pigmentation, and physiological health of marbled eel ( Anguilla marmorata ) . | ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS , 2024 , 80 . |
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