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学者姓名：汤龙飞
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Abstract ：
The traditional contactor’s optimization design process requires static calculation, prototype production, and repeated testing, which consumes much time and is high cost, demanding substantial human and material resources. The finite element dynamic simulation method has become the main way to optimize the contactor design but it is hindered by prolonged calculation time. The optimization design method is mainly based on the orthogonal experimental method, which can only generate the local optimal solutions at the experimental level. Intelligent optimization design algorithms can achieve global optimal solutions but require a lot of iterative calculations. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved optimization algorithm for the dynamic process of contactors to reduce the electromagnetic and mechanical inertia of contactors and increase the magnetic density. The response speed of the mechanism and the utilization rate of magnetic materials are improved, reducing contact bounces. Firstly, considering the external leakage flux and magnetic field’s distribution characteristics in contactors, an improved magnetic circuit model is constructed based on the three-dimensional finite element dynamic simulation to calculate parameters. Then, an improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is introduced for optimization design. The number of Pareto fronts is used to judge the evolution process of the population, and the adaptive genetic differential hybrid evolution strategy is realized, improving global convergence and convergence speed. Finally, combined with a constant flux closed-loop control strategy and multi-objective optimization design, the speed response and magnetic material utilization are improved by reducing electromagnetic and mechanical inertia while increasing magnetic density to mitigate contact bounces. Simulations and experiments are conducted on the improved magnetic circuit model. The results show that the simulation and experimental waveforms are almost consistent, with errors of less than 3% within the allowable range. Combined with the improved magnetic circuit model and the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm, the contactor design is optimized by the flux linkage closed-loop. The optimization results show that the prototype's holding power is reduced to 0.72 W, the average bounce time is reduced to 0.7 ms, the average number of bounce times is reduced to 2, the number of coil turns is reduced to 1 304, and the magnetic density is increased from 0.54 T to 0.73 T, improving the utilization rate of magnetic materials and reducing the power consumption. The following conclusions can be obtained: (1) An improved magnetic circuit model, considering the external magnetic leakage and magnetic field distributions in the dynamic process of the contactors, maintains computational efficiency and accuracy across structural parameters and control strategy variations, suitable for optimizing electromagnetic mechanisms with diverse parametric forms. (2) The improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm judges the population evolution using the number of individuals in the Pareto frontier and selects evolution strategies and probability settings according to different stages of population evolution, thereby effectively reducing the calculation number of fitness functions and enhancing the global convergence. (3) Under constant flux closed-loop control, the electromagnetic and mechanical inertia, contact bounces, and material utilization rate are taken as the main optimization indicators. The designed prototype has advantages such as fast response, short contact bounce time, high material utilization rate, and low holding power. © 2024 China Machine Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Circuit simulation Circuit simulation Design Design Dynamics Dynamics Equivalent circuits Equivalent circuits Finite element method Finite element method Genetic algorithms Genetic algorithms Iterative methods Iterative methods Magnetic circuits Magnetic circuits Magnetic leakage Magnetic leakage Magnetic materials Magnetic materials Multiobjective optimization Multiobjective optimization Optimal systems Optimal systems Timing circuits Timing circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Yao, Linrui , Yang, Wenwei . Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage [J]. | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2024 , 39 (10) : 3206-3217 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage" . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 39 . 10 (2024) : 3206-3217 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Yao, Linrui , Yang, Wenwei . Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2024 , 39 (10) , 3206-3217 . |
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为了更好地抑制接触器合闸触头弹跳,提出一种控制策略以优化合闸过程.首先,利用线圈电压与电流作为输入构建参数观测器,实时观测接触器的动态吸力、弹簧反力、动铁心速度及位移.在此基础上,构造双闭环控制结构,外环采用模糊控制逐次调节超程前吸力裕量,内环将吸力裕量与实时弹簧反力叠加用作参考吸力,进行吸力闭环控制,实现外环动铁心合闸速度的逐次迭代优化.将观测位移与触头开距进行实时比较,一旦动铁心运动到超程阶段时,增大吸力参考,使电磁吸力快速增加,实现触头的低速大吸力合闸,以压制动铁心反弹,尽量抑制触头弹跳,并兼顾可靠合闸.通过仿真与实验验证了方案的可行性,该控制策略对依靠电磁力进行操动的电磁及永磁开关的合闸优化具有一定意义.
Keyword ：
优化控制 优化控制 参数观测 参数观测 吸力闭环 吸力闭环 接触器 接触器 速度闭环 速度闭环
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 et al. 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 [J]. | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略" . | 中国电机工程学报 44 . 2 (2024) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 , 陈红 . 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 . | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) , 838-847,中插34 . |
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该文对接触器的优化设计进行研究，将磁链闭环控制引入接触器本体优化设计中，实现控制策略与本体优化设计的协同。首先，综合考虑接触器的外部漏磁和磁场分布特性，在三维有限元动态仿真的基础上构建改进的磁路模型，以实现磁路模型的参数化计算。然后，提出了一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）与磁路模型相结合进行优化设计，以Pareto前沿个数判断种群进化进程，实现自适应遗传-差分混合进化策略，提高了多目标优化设计算法的全局收敛性和收敛速度。最后，将恒磁链闭环控制策略与多目标优化设计相结合，通过减小接触器的电磁惯性、机械惯性及提高控制磁通密度，来提高机构响应速度和磁性材料利用率，同时减小触头弹跳。仿真及实验验证了改进磁路模型及多目标优化设计方法的有效性。
Keyword ：
优化设计 优化设计 接触器 接触器 改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ) 改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ) 磁路法 磁路法
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 姚林睿 , 阳文蔚 . 磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法 [J]. | 电工技术学报 , 2024 , 39 (10) : 3206-3217 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法" . | 电工技术学报 39 . 10 (2024) : 3206-3217 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 姚林睿 , 阳文蔚 . 磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法 . | 电工技术学报 , 2024 , 39 (10) , 3206-3217 . |
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鉴于单稳态永磁接触器现有的控制方案存在成本高、可靠性低且优化困难等缺陷，该文提出一种集成化磁链闭环控制方案。首先，将电机传动领域的专用集成功率芯片应用到单稳态永磁接触器的智能控制中，设计其集成驱动电路；在此基础上，采用磁链闭环直接控制接触器的总磁链，在合闸过程中仅需设置一较小的恒定磁链参考值，即可实现自动弱磁，防止合闸末期永磁力过大造成严重的触头弹跳；在分闸过程中仅需设置总磁链参考值为0，即可使电磁磁链实时抵消永磁磁链，防止产生剩余吸力，造成分断速度降低，进而提高分闸性能。该文提出的方案既简化了单稳态永磁接触器硬件控制电路的设计，又降低了其优化控制的难度，对高性能永磁接触器的工程推广具有参考价值。
Keyword ：
弱磁控制 弱磁控制 永磁接触器 永磁接触器 磁链闭环 磁链闭环 集成化驱动 集成化驱动
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 郑兴新 . 单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术 [J]. | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (12) : 4956-4966 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术" . | 中国电机工程学报 44 . 12 (2024) : 4956-4966 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 郑兴新 . 单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术 . | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (12) , 4956-4966 . |
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The breaking and closing coils of bistable permanent magnet circuit breaker (PMCB) shares magnetic circuit, which leads to the fast time-varying nonlinear coupling relationship between the permanent magnetic field and the electromagnetic field, and between the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, which brings difficulty to its simulation. Aiming at the difficulty, this article designs a new cosimulation method: First, the equivalent magnetic circuit of the bistable permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is established, and the ternary correspondence relationship of its electromechanical parameters is proved analytically for the first time. Then, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit in dynamic process of bistable PMA is proposed for the first time by analogy with the transformer model, and the calculation method of the time-varying parameters in this model is given. Finally, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit is used as a link, so the hardware circuit, software strategy, and PMCB are connected together to form a point-by-point closed-loop cosimulation method. This simulation method can reflect the dynamic interaction between the electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field of the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, and also can reflect the dynamic interaction between the control module and the PMCB. So this method lays the foundation for simulation design of the high-performance bistable PMCB.
Keyword ：
Bistable PMCB Bistable PMCB cosimulation cosimulation equivalent circuit equivalent circuit magnetic circuit coupling magnetic circuit coupling
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) : 2800-2809 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 71 . 3 (2024) : 2800-2809 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) , 2800-2809 . |
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本发明涉及一种接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制系统，包括全过程实时参数估计器、基于模糊逻辑的位移外环控制吸力内环的双闭环控制单元、吸力单闭环控制单元和过程控制模块；所述估计器根据检测到的线圈电流，实时估计接触器的动铁心位移、电磁吸力及弹簧反力；所述基于模糊逻辑的位移外环控制吸力内环的双闭环控制单元，在接触器的起动及分断过程中，使动铁心位移x快速跟踪参考位移；所述吸力单闭环控制单元，在保持过程，给定一个预设的保持吸力参考值，使动静铁心可靠吸合；所述过程控制模块用于按时序切换接触器的起动、保持及分断过程，并控制参考吸力切换开关选择合适的参考值，用作参考吸力。本发明实现动铁心分合闸位移的精确跟踪。
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 谌浩 . 接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制系统及方法 : CN202111646128.1[P]. | 2021-12-30 00:00:00 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制系统及方法" : CN202111646128.1. | 2021-12-30 00:00:00 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 谌浩 . 接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制系统及方法 : CN202111646128.1. | 2021-12-30 00:00:00 . |
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In this paper, a sensorless breaking and closing displacement tracking control strategy for a contactor is proposed, which improves the action consistency of the contactor. First, a parameter estimator is constructed by combining a neural network with a mechanical motion model, so the electromagnetic force, spring force and movable core displacement of the whole process can be estimated in real time only by the input coil current. Then, in the making and breaking process, the outer displacement loop controlling the inner electromagnetic force loop is adopted as a double closed-loop control based on a fuzzy algorithm, and the accurate breaking and closing displacement tracking of the movable core is realized. In the closing process, only electromagnetic force closed-loop control is adopted. The electromagnetic force is always greater than the spring force by setting an appropriate constant electromagnetic force margin. Therefore, the reliable holding and energy-saving of the contactor can be realized at the same time. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation and experiment. The parameter estimation method and closed-loop control strategy proposed in this paper are of great significance to high- performance control of electromagnetic switches. ©2023 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
Keyword ：
action consistency action consistency contactor contactor displacement tracking displacement tracking fuzzy control fuzzy control parameter estimation parameter estimation
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, L. , Chen, H. , Xu, Z. et al. A Sensorless Breaking and Closing Displacement Tracking Control Strategy of Contactors; [接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制技术] [J]. | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (17) : 6852-6861 . |
| MLA | Tang, L. et al. "A Sensorless Breaking and Closing Displacement Tracking Control Strategy of Contactors; [接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制技术]" . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 43 . 17 (2023) : 6852-6861 . |
| APA | Tang, L. , Chen, H. , Xu, Z. , Zhang, Y. . A Sensorless Breaking and Closing Displacement Tracking Control Strategy of Contactors; [接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制技术] . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (17) , 6852-6861 . |
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For the first time, a direct electromagnetic force closed-loop control strategy for a contactor is proposed in this article. First, an electromagnetic force observer based on a neural network is designed according to a binary one-to-one mapping of the electromagnetic mechanism parameters to observe the real-time electromagnetic force. Then, the real-time spring reaction force is obtained by combining the observed electromagnetic force with the mechanical motion equation and the spring reaction equation. Finally, a constant force margin is added to the real-time reaction force as the reference curve, and the real-time observed electromagnetic force is used as the feedback; thus, direct electromagnetic force closed-loop control is realized through hysteresis regulation. This scheme can control the constant positive acceleration of the movable core in the dynamic process by taking only the constant force margin as the control target, which ensures the reliable action of the contactor and controls the total kinetic energy of the movable core to control the impact energy and inhibit the contact bounces. Therefore, the direct electromagnetic force closed loop can more accurately and directly realize the dynamic matching of the electromagnetic force and reaction force, which is of great significance to the optimization control of the contactor dynamic process.
Keyword ：
Closed-loop control Closed-loop control contactor contactor Couplings Couplings Dynamics Dynamics electromagnetic force observer electromagnetic force observer Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetics Electromagnetics Force Force Mathematical models Mathematical models neural network neural network spring reaction force spring reaction force Springs Springs
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Wei , Xu, Zhihong . A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2023 , 70 (2) : 1740-1750 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 70 . 2 (2023) : 1740-1750 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Wei , Xu, Zhihong . A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2023 , 70 (2) , 1740-1750 . |
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This paper proposes a co-simulation method for intelligent monostable permanent magnetic (PM) contactor. Firstly, aiming at the application defects of the equivalent circuit of the traditional electromagnetic contactor in the holding and breaking process of the PM contactor, an equivalent circuit model of the PM contactor suitable for the whole process is proposed by considering the electromagnetic flux linkage and PM flux linkage separately. Then, the finite element simulation combined with the equivalent magnetic circuit is used to deal with the mutual coupling between PM field and electromagnetic field, and the calculation method of each element parameter in the equivalent circuit model is given. Finally, combining the breaking and closing control strategy and the dynamic model of the PM contactor, a co-simulation method of the monostable intelligent PM contactor is constructed, and its effectiveness is verified through experiments. The simulation method reflects the interaction between electromagnetic field and PM field in detail in the whole dynamic process of the PM contactor, so it can lay a foundation for the design of high-performance optimal control based on the close coordination of electromagnetic force, permanent force and spring reaction force. ©2023 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
Keyword ：
co-simulation co-simulation equivalent circuit equivalent circuit intelligent control intelligent control permanent magnet contactor permanent magnet contactor
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, L. , Ke, C. , Xu, Z. . Co-simulation of Action Characteristics of Intelligent Monostable Permanent Magnet Contactor; [智能单稳态永磁接触器动作特性的联合仿真] [J]. | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (4) : 1641-1650 . |
| MLA | Tang, L. et al. "Co-simulation of Action Characteristics of Intelligent Monostable Permanent Magnet Contactor; [智能单稳态永磁接触器动作特性的联合仿真]" . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 43 . 4 (2023) : 1641-1650 . |
| APA | Tang, L. , Ke, C. , Xu, Z. . Co-simulation of Action Characteristics of Intelligent Monostable Permanent Magnet Contactor; [智能单稳态永磁接触器动作特性的联合仿真] . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (4) , 1641-1650 . |
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In this paper, a software method for measuring the static characteristics of contactors is proposed for the first time, considering that direct measurement for these characteristics was difficult. First, the electromechanical energy conversion relationship of contactors is summarized, and a complete process which utilized the static flux linkage to solve for the magnetic coenergy and the electromagnetic force is deduced. The theoretical feasibility of this calculation method is verified by finite element simulation. Second, a static-characteristics measuring device adopting “movable core locking” and “current closed-loop control” is developed to realize software measurement of static flux linkage and electromagnetic force characteristics. Finally, a whole-process displacement estimator is constructed based on the measured static-characteristics data. It not only indirectly verify the validity of the static-characteristics measurement method, but also realizes displacement estimation for the contactor in the whole making, closing and breaking process for the first time. This paper is of great significance to the simulation and high-performance control of contactors. ©2023 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
Keyword ：
contactors contactors displacement estimation displacement estimation magnetic co-energy magnetic co-energy static characteristics static characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, L. , Chen, H. , Ke, C. . A Method for Measuring the Static Characteristics of Contactors; [接触器静态特性测量方法的研究] [J]. | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (3) : 1241-1250 . |
| MLA | Tang, L. et al. "A Method for Measuring the Static Characteristics of Contactors; [接触器静态特性测量方法的研究]" . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 43 . 3 (2023) : 1241-1250 . |
| APA | Tang, L. , Chen, H. , Ke, C. . A Method for Measuring the Static Characteristics of Contactors; [接触器静态特性测量方法的研究] . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2023 , 43 (3) , 1241-1250 . |
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