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学者姓名：汤龙飞
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Abstract ：
The operation process of the Bistable permanent magnet circuit breaker (PMCB) is a highly nonlinear and fast time-varying system, so it’s difficult to accurately observe the dynamic displacement, and the addition of displacement sensors has defects such as difficulty in installation, high cost and poor reliability. Aiming at this problem, this article proposes a real-time displacement observation method without sensors for bistable PMCB. First, through magnetic circuit analysis and numerical simulation, it is proved that there exists a one-to-one mapping relationship between the state composed of four elements of the bistable permanent magnet mechanism’s breaking and closing coil currents, the flux linkage of the breaking and closing coils, and the displacement of the movable iron core; after that, an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced to fit the nonlinear mapping relationship, and rewritten into the embedded form, to complete the design of the real-time observer of the bistable PMCB’s displacement. Finally, the theoretical and practical effectiveness of the real-time observer is verified by co-simulation and rapid control prototype verification. The displacement real-time observer constructed in this article can provide real-time feedback signals for the subsequent velocity closed-loop control, displacement tracking control or synchronized breaking and closing control of the circuit breaker without the displacement sensor, which sets the stage for the high-performance sensorless control of permanent magnet switch. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
Keyword ：
Combinatorial circuits Combinatorial circuits Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Electric coils Electric coils Electric network analysis Electric network analysis Flux linkage Flux linkage Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Religious buildings Religious buildings Sensorless control Sensorless control
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Pan, Penghui . Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers [J]. | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2025 , 74 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers" . | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 74 (2025) . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Pan, Penghui . Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers . | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2025 , 74 . |
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Abstract ：
A Bi-stable permanent magnet actuator (BPMA) shares the same magnetic circuit as the breaking and closing coils, and the magnetic flux generated by any coil passes through the breaking and closing air gaps. The permanent magnet automatically distributes the permanent magnetic flux according to the dynamic reluctance of the air gaps. The electromagnetic flux and permanent magnetic flux in the upper and lower air gaps always cause the moving iron core to be coupled by two opposite magnetic forces. As the motion of the moving iron core and the change of coil current, the magnetic circuit quickly saturates, and the electromagnetic flux and permanent magnetic flux interact, exacerbating the complexity of nonlinear coupling in the breaking and closing air gaps. To flexibly control the action characteristics of permanent magnet switches, it is necessary to simultaneously control the air gap flux and the magnetic force pointing to the breaking and closing positions. Therefore, this paper proposes an air gap flux decoupling control method based on finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC). Decoupling control can be achieved by rapidly weakening the magnetic force pointing to the non-excited coil and rapidly increasing the magnetic force pointing to the excited coil. Firstly, according to the operating principle of BPMA, the vector magnetic force acting on the moving iron core depends on the 'magnetic flux squared difference' of the breaking and closing air gaps. Therefore, only controlling this vector magnetic flux square difference in real-time can dynamically control BPMA. Secondly, a predictive model of the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux is designed through discretization of the voltage balance equation, which can predict the magnetic flux at the next moment based on the voltage and current values collected at the current moment. Thirdly, the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux and the mechanism drive circuit are regarded as a whole. A set of switching states is constructed through the excitation intensity analysis under different switching states. Predictive magnetic flux is obtained by traversing all switching state combinations. Finally, a decoupling control cost function is designed, the predictive magnetic flux under different switching combinations is input into the cost function, and the optimal control is selected for the next control period. In rolling optimization over multiple control periods, the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux quickly approaches their respective reference values, achieving decoupling control. A co-simulation platform for intelligent control is designed based on LabVIEW and Multisim, and hardware testing circuits are constructed. The simulation and experimental waveforms show that this proposed scheme can effectively control the breaking and closing air gap flux. As a result, the non-excited air gap flux to zero is quickly reduced, approaching the set reference value of the excited air gap flux and effectively weakening the coupling between the air gaps. Compared with the traditional current closed-loop control scheme, the proposed control scheme reduces the energy loss during the entire action process and improves the response and action time of the core action. © 2025 China Machine Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Cost functions Cost functions Magnetic variables control Magnetic variables control Model predictive control Model predictive control Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Predictive control systems Predictive control systems Robustness (control systems) Robustness (control systems) Saturation magnetization Saturation magnetization
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Mingjun , Luan, Shixu . Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator [J]. | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2025 , 40 (8) : 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator" . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 40 . 8 (2025) : 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Mingjun , Luan, Shixu . Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2025 , 40 (8) , 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
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Abstract ：
双稳态永磁操动机构分合闸线圈共用磁路,导致分合闸气隙磁通相互耦合,难以灵活控制永磁开关的动作特性,制约着开关的性能.针对这一问题,该文引入有限集模型预测控制,设计了双稳态永磁操作机构分合闸气隙磁通的解耦控制方法.首先,通过理论分析得出影响操动机构矢量磁力变化的本质参量"分合闸气隙的磁通平方差";其次,设计磁通预测模型,对下一时刻分合闸气隙磁通进行预测;然后,将分合闸气隙磁通及机构驱动电路视作整体,构建开关状态集与代价函数;最后,在多个控制周期的滚动优化过程中,使分合闸气隙磁通快速趋近于各自参考值,实现解耦控制.通过仿真与实验,证实了该方法在显著降低双稳态永磁操作机构操作功的同时,能够有效提高机构的响应速度与控制灵活性.
Keyword ：
双稳态永磁操动机构 双稳态永磁操动机构 有限集模型预测控制 有限集模型预测控制 永磁开关 永磁开关 解耦控制 解耦控制
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 陈明俊 , 栾世旭 . 双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术 [J]. | 电工技术学报 , 2025 , 40 (8) : 2441-2450,2463 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 等. "双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术" . | 电工技术学报 40 . 8 (2025) : 2441-2450,2463 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 陈明俊 , 栾世旭 . 双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术 . | 电工技术学报 , 2025 , 40 (8) , 2441-2450,2463 . |
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Abstract ：
The breaking and closing coils of bistable permanent magnet circuit breaker (PMCB) shares magnetic circuit, which leads to the fast time-varying nonlinear coupling relationship between the permanent magnetic field and the electromagnetic field, and between the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, which brings difficulty to its simulation. Aiming at the difficulty, this article designs a new cosimulation method: First, the equivalent magnetic circuit of the bistable permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is established, and the ternary correspondence relationship of its electromechanical parameters is proved analytically for the first time. Then, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit in dynamic process of bistable PMA is proposed for the first time by analogy with the transformer model, and the calculation method of the time-varying parameters in this model is given. Finally, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit is used as a link, so the hardware circuit, software strategy, and PMCB are connected together to form a point-by-point closed-loop cosimulation method. This simulation method can reflect the dynamic interaction between the electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field of the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, and also can reflect the dynamic interaction between the control module and the PMCB. So this method lays the foundation for simulation design of the high-performance bistable PMCB.
Keyword ：
Bistable PMCB Bistable PMCB cosimulation cosimulation equivalent circuit equivalent circuit magnetic circuit coupling magnetic circuit coupling
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) : 2800-2809 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 71 . 3 (2024) : 2800-2809 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) , 2800-2809 . |
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In this paper., the topology of DC circuit breaker is proposed., when the fault current occurs., the sampling circuit detects that the current exceeds the threshold., and immediately starts the driving power supply to quickly shut down the JFET., but the JFET is susceptible to the influence of line parasitic inductance in the process of fault current removal., and then there is a serious overvoltage problem., the overvoltage suppression circuit is proposed., its working principle is analyzed in detail and the circuit parameters are designed., and finally., the circuit breaker prototype is developed and experimentally verified. The results show that the circuit breaker has good rapidity and overvoltage suppression effect. © 2024 IEEE.
Keyword ：
Buffer circuits Buffer circuits Power supply circuits Power supply circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, He , Dong, WenLiang , Tang, LongFei . Research on Overvoltage Suppression Based on DC Circuit Breaker(CICED 2024) [C] . 2024 : 1359-1363 . |
| MLA | Wu, He 等. "Research on Overvoltage Suppression Based on DC Circuit Breaker(CICED 2024)" . (2024) : 1359-1363 . |
| APA | Wu, He , Dong, WenLiang , Tang, LongFei . Research on Overvoltage Suppression Based on DC Circuit Breaker(CICED 2024) . (2024) : 1359-1363 . |
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Arc fault is one of the important factors causing electric fire, and the prevention of arc fault is an effective means to reduce the occurrence of electricfire. High frequency arc fault signal is generated when arc fault occurs. Collecting and analyzing the high frequency arcfault signal can effectively detect whether arc fault occurs. In this paper, according to the characteristics of the phase difference of the winding output at different positions of the winding coil under the high-frequency current signal, the special-shaped winding coil current transformer(S-SWCCT) is made, and the output characteristics of Special-shaped winding coil with different turns under different frequency are analyzed experimentally. Finally, according to GB14287 standard, arcfault experiment is carried out and current signal is collected and analyzed The experimental results show that the sensor can effectively collect the high frequency signal of arcfault andfilter the lowfrequency signal in the line
Keyword ：
arc fault arc fault current transformer current transformer fault detection fault detection high frequency signal high frequency signal
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Hanlong , Zheng, Xin , Zhuang, Jielong et al. Research on the Application of Special -Shaped Winding Coil Current Transformer in Arc Fault Detection [J]. | 2024 IEEE 19TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, ICIEA 2024 , 2024 . |
| MLA | Huang, Hanlong et al. "Research on the Application of Special -Shaped Winding Coil Current Transformer in Arc Fault Detection" . | 2024 IEEE 19TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, ICIEA 2024 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Hanlong , Zheng, Xin , Zhuang, Jielong , Tang, Longfei . Research on the Application of Special -Shaped Winding Coil Current Transformer in Arc Fault Detection . | 2024 IEEE 19TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, ICIEA 2024 , 2024 . |
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In order to better inhibit the bouncing of contactors in closing process, this paper presents a control strategy to optimize the closing process. First, the coil voltage and current are used as inputs to construct the parameter observer, so the dynamic electromagnetic force, spring force, movable core velocity and displacement of the contactor can be observed in real time. On this basis, a double closed-loop control structure is constructed. The outer-loop adopts fuzzy control to adjust the force margin before the over-travel iteratively. In the inner-loop, adding the force margin with the spring force in real time as the reference, the force closed-loop control is carried out to realize the iterative optimization of the closing speed in the outer-loop. Meanwhile, the observed displacement is compared with the opening distance of the contacts in real time. Once the movable core moves into the over-travel, the electromagnetic force increases rapidly by increasing the force reference, so it can realize the low speed with large force closing to suppress the rebound of the movable core. It can inhibit contact bounces furthest and meanwhile ensure the reliable closing. The feasibility of the control scheme is verified by simulation and experiment. It is of great significance for optimal control of the electromagnetic switch and the permanent magnet switch which are both operated by electromagnetic force. © 2024 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Fuzzy control Fuzzy control Permanent magnets Permanent magnets
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Yan, Yongren , Li, Xinye et al. An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors [J]. | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2024 , 44 (2) : 838-847 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors" . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 44 . 2 (2024) : 838-847 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Yan, Yongren , Li, Xinye , Chen, Hong . An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2024 , 44 (2) , 838-847 . |
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In order to further improve the reliability of AC contactor operation, this paper designs a control strategy based on flux linage closed loop. Firstly, a flux linkage observer is designed based on the topology of the full-bridge driving circuit, with bus capacitance voltage and coil current as inputs. Subsequently, a flux linkage closed-loop control strategy is developed. Before making, the coil resistance is automatically identified. During the making process, only a suitable flux linkage reference value needs to be set to realize the automatic flux linkage weakening and contact bounce reduction. During the holding stage, the noise adaptive suppression strategy is adopted, which can better suppress high-frequency noise. In the breaking stage, the magnetic circuit is reversed excited to enhance the ability of breaking the circuit. The control strategy proposed in this paper can effectively improve its control performance, simplify the control difficulty, and is of great significance for the intelligent control of the contactor. © 2024 IEEE.
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, K. , Tang, L. , Zhuang, J. . High-Performance Flux Linkage Closed-Loop Strategy for AC Contactors [未知]. |
| MLA | Wang, K. et al. "High-Performance Flux Linkage Closed-Loop Strategy for AC Contactors" [未知]. |
| APA | Wang, K. , Tang, L. , Zhuang, J. . High-Performance Flux Linkage Closed-Loop Strategy for AC Contactors [未知]. |
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The breaking and closing operation process of bi-stable permanent magnetic actuator (BPMA) is flexible and controllable, and can achieve the permanent magnet locking effect at the steady-state position. However, during its operation, the breaking and closing air gap electromagnetic and permanent magnet flux linkage are coupled, which will affect the action characteristics of the moving core. Therefore, this article constructs the voltage balance equation of the breaking and closing coils through the equivalent circuit of coil decoupling, and analyzes the parameters that affect the coupling phenomenon; Design a current closed-loop to control the actuator. Through co-simulation of LabVIEW and Multisim, analyze the influence of the electromotive force induced by the coupling phenomenon at each stage of the breaking and closing process, explore the mechanism of the coupling phenomenon, and the impact of the coupling effect on the action process; Finally, experimental waveforms were obtained through an embedded control system, and the accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing the simulated waveforms. This indicates the reliability of the coupling phenomenon analysis through simulation. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Equivalent circuits Equivalent circuits Flux linkage Flux linkage Locks (fasteners) Locks (fasteners) Magnetic actuators Magnetic actuators Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Reliability analysis Reliability analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator [C] . 2024 : 658-666 . |
| MLA | Chen, Mingjun et al. "Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator" . (2024) : 658-666 . |
| APA | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator . (2024) : 658-666 . |
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This paper presents a bi-directional rotating electromagnetic operating mechanism for control and protection switching devices (CPS), which uses the 'principle of minimum magnetoresistance' to drive the contacts by bi-directional rotation of the moving iron core to realize the opening and closing operations. The mechanism has two independent sets of coils, which are coil and the closing coil. During the operation of the operating mechanism, the switching speed can be adjusted by controlling the excitation state of the two sets of coils, which can reduce the closing speed to reduce the contact bounce. In the process of mechanism opening, the opening speed can be increased by energizing the opening coil to reduce the harm to the contacts from the arc generated during opening. The mechanism has both control and protection functions and has a specific high electrical and mechanical life. Firstly, the mechanism is theoretically designed to determine the size and motion form of the mechanism. Then the model of the mechanism is built in COMSOL for simulation analysis. Finally the prototype is processed according to the designed size and experimented. The simulation and experimental structure have good consistency, which verifies the feasibility of the design mechanism. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Excited states Excited states Finite element method Finite element method
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| GB/T 7714 | Yao, Linrui , Tang, Longfei , Wang, Kehao . Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism [C] . 2024 : 91-99 . |
| MLA | Yao, Linrui et al. "Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism" . (2024) : 91-99 . |
| APA | Yao, Linrui , Tang, Longfei , Wang, Kehao . Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism . (2024) : 91-99 . |
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