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学者姓名：锁要红
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Abstract ：
Flat heat pipe (FHP) has been paid significant attention due to its exceptional thermal conductivity in the battery thermal management system (BTMS). However, only heat pipe cooling cannot meet battery cooling requirements at high discharge rates. In this study, a hybrid double-end FHP-fins (HDE-FHP-F) BTMS is designed, and its thermal dissipation performances are investigated. Then, the influences of l1–l2 (l1 and l2 are, respectively, the left and right condensing length of the double-end FHP) and the fin spacing on the FHP1 and FHP6 upon the thermal performances are, respectively, discussed. Finally, the auxiliary heating of the battery pack is carried out at low temperature. Numerical results show that the designed HDE-FHP-F BTMS (Design 1) has better thermal dissipation performance than the original one. The reduction of local fin number (Design 2) makes the maximum temperature (Tb,max) and the maximum temperature difference (ΔTb,max) of the battery pack meet the safety threshold at 8 C discharge rate (C-rate is the measurement of the charge and discharge current with respect to its nominal capacity) and, respectively, achieve a 2.62% and 42.20% reduction. Design 4 with auxiliary heating exhibits better temperature uniformity and consistency, and its Tb,min and ΔTb,max are successfully maintained within the safety threshold at low temperature. The proposed design provides valuable guidance for the battery thermal management scheme at high discharge rates. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Keyword ：
auxiliary heating auxiliary heating double-end FHP-fins BTMS double-end FHP-fins BTMS fin spacing fin spacing lithium-ion battery lithium-ion battery thermal performance thermal performance
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Y. , Zheng, H. , Zhang, H. et al. Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Double-End Flat Heat Pipe-Fins Battery Thermal Management System at High-Rate Discharge [J]. | Heat Transfer , 2025 . |
| MLA | Suo, Y. et al. "Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Double-End Flat Heat Pipe-Fins Battery Thermal Management System at High-Rate Discharge" . | Heat Transfer (2025) . |
| APA | Suo, Y. , Zheng, H. , Zhang, H. , Kuai, C. , Lang, Y. . Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Double-End Flat Heat Pipe-Fins Battery Thermal Management System at High-Rate Discharge . | Heat Transfer , 2025 . |
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The cell layouts have a crucial influence on the cooling performance of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). In this work, a novel coupled rotation and wedge-shape cell layout is designed in the air-cooled structures (ACSs). Then the effects of h (height difference of the adjacent cells) and α (rotation angle of the cell) on the heat dissipation performance in the designed ACS are discussed, respectively. Afterward, the single factor and sensitive analysis are implemented to obtain the sensitive range of h and α and identify which one is more sensitive to the thermal performance. Finally, the designed cell layouts are optimized in U-type ACS. Numerical results reveal that the wedge-shape cell layout is more suitable to the U-type ACS. h is more sensitive to Tmax and ΔT of the battery pack than α. In comparison with those of the traditional cell layout, Tmax, ΔT and S after optimization (h = −0.3 mm and α = −6°) are respectively reduced by 5.6%, 19.2% and 67.4%. The proposed cell layout in this work can effectively enhance the cooling performance and provide valuable guidance for the design of air-cooled BTMS. © 2025
Keyword ：
Air-cooled structure Air-cooled structure Coupled rotation and wedge-shape layout Coupled rotation and wedge-shape layout Optimization Optimization Rotation Rotation Wedge-shape Wedge-shape
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Y. , Zhang, H. , Zheng, H. et al. Design and optimization of a novel coupled rotation and wedge-shape cell layouts in the forced air-cooled battery management system [J]. | Thermal Science and Engineering Progress , 2025 , 64 . |
| MLA | Suo, Y. et al. "Design and optimization of a novel coupled rotation and wedge-shape cell layouts in the forced air-cooled battery management system" . | Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 64 (2025) . |
| APA | Suo, Y. , Zhang, H. , Zheng, H. , Li, Z. . Design and optimization of a novel coupled rotation and wedge-shape cell layouts in the forced air-cooled battery management system . | Thermal Science and Engineering Progress , 2025 , 64 . |
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Thermal runaway and volume expansion caused by temperature rise under fast charging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the major reasons of battery explosion and cycle performance degradation. In this work, considering the radiation heat transfer on the battery surface, an electrochemical-thermal-mechanical coupling model of cylindrical LIBs under fast charging (state of charge (SOC) <= 80%) is developed in order to investigate the distributions of the temperature and stress. Then, choosing 18650 LIBs as the object, the charge efficiency, temperature, and stress distributions are compared between fast charging and galvanostatic operation under SOC <= 80%, respectively. Finally, the influences of the thickness, particle radius, the maximum lithium-ion concentration of the cathode, and initial electrolyte concentration on the temperature, radial stress, and hoop stress of LIB during charge are explored, respectively. Numerical results show that fast charging improves 20.8% of the charge efficiency. Increasing the cathodic thickness and decreasing the cathodic maximum lithium-ion concentration or initial electrolyte concentration can reduce the temperature of LIB during the charge. The results of this work will provide some reference value for the design of LIBs under fast charging.
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Jia, Qiongnan , Lin, Mingju et al. Electrochemical-Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Fast Charging [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH , 2024 , 2024 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Electrochemical-Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Fast Charging" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2024 (2024) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Jia, Qiongnan , Lin, Mingju , Chen, Zhongyang . Electrochemical-Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Fast Charging . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH , 2024 , 2024 . |
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Plenum shape and position play a significant impact on the heat dissipation performance of battery pack with air-cooled structure. However, the existed plenum shape and position are simple. In this work, four different plenum shapes (slanted, convex, concave and stepped) of the battery thermal management system (BTMS) are designed. Then the influences of plenum shapes and positions (at the inlet, outlet, and inlet & outlet) on the heat dissipation performance of the battery are investigated, respectively. Subsequently, a single factor analysis is performed to obtain the range of the design parameters (H-in, H-out, R-in and R-out) in Design 6. Finally, a multi-objective optimization of Design 6 is carried out to further improve the thermal performance of BTMS. Numerical results demonstrate that: 1) For the significant improvement of the cooling ability, convex plenum is at the inlet & outlet whereas other shape ones are all at the inlet. 2) No matter where it is at the inlet, outlet, or inlet & outlet, the convex plenum achieves the excellent cooling effect in Z- and U-type air-cooled structures. 3) Design 6 (convex plenum at the inlet & outlet) exhibits the best cooling ability among all plenum shapes and positions. 4) The design parameters of the optimized Design 6 are H-in = 17.9 mm, H-out = 19 mm, R-in = 2100 mm and R-out = 2000 mm, and the maximum temperature and temperature difference respectively achieve a 35.06 % (18.921 K) and 76.98 % (19.923 K) reduction under such optimized design parameter settings in comparison with those of the benchmark (Design 9).
Keyword ：
Air-cooled structure Air-cooled structure Convex Convex Inlet & outlet Inlet & outlet Optimization Optimization Plenum Plenum
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Han, Enhao et al. Comparative assessment and optimization among several plenum shapes and positions for the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2024 , 99 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Comparative assessment and optimization among several plenum shapes and positions for the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system" . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 99 (2024) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Han, Enhao , Chen, Zhongyang . Comparative assessment and optimization among several plenum shapes and positions for the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2024 , 99 . |
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Different configurations and proportion of phase change material (PCM) have a vital impact on the thermal performance of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). In this work, the thermal performance of the battery pack is investigated by a combined PCM and air cooling technique. Firstly, four cases of PCM configuration are proposed to investigate the heat dissipation performance. Then PCM proportion is optimized to obtain better temperature uniformity, smaller energy loss and smaller amount of PCM based on Case 4. Finally, subjected to the installation space constraint of battery box (smaller volume), Case 5 is designed to diminish the volume of battery box and the corresponding thermal performance is discussed. The results show that thermal performance with PCM is superior than that without PCM; Case 4 not only enhances the thermal performance but also reduces the amount of PCM; The optimized PCM proportion is only 64 %; Compared with all PCM, the optimized Delta T, Delta P and PCM volume respectively reduce 11.91 % (0.83 K), 11.61 % (4.18 Pa) and 43.06 % (215,544 mm3); Case 5 not only shows more better thermal performance than Case 4 but also reduces 102,200 mm3 (3.48 %) volume of the battery box. The proposed strategy is effective for improving thermal performance of BTMS and saving the amount of PCM.
Keyword ：
Combined PCM and air-cooling structure Combined PCM and air-cooling structure Optimization Optimization PCM configuration PCM configuration PCM proportion PCM proportion Thermal management Thermal management
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Jia, Qiongnan et al. Influence of PCM configuration and optimization of PCM proportion on the thermal management of a prismatic battery with a combined PCM and air cooling structure [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2024 , 80 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Influence of PCM configuration and optimization of PCM proportion on the thermal management of a prismatic battery with a combined PCM and air cooling structure" . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 80 (2024) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Jia, Qiongnan , Zhao, Wenrui . Influence of PCM configuration and optimization of PCM proportion on the thermal management of a prismatic battery with a combined PCM and air cooling structure . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2024 , 80 . |
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Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication caused by diabetic and can lead to severe visual impairment or even blindness. With the rise of DR population, clinicians demand to adopt an automated diagnosis for reducing some burden. Automated DR classification may improve efficiency and accuracy, and reduce the burden of clinicians. Methods: A full convolution spatial attention module (FCSAM) and CS-ResNet-101 model are proposed for DR classification. In addition, an image enhancement algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of DR images. Furthermore, the cross-entropy loss function is improved to reduce the overfitting. The EyePACS dataset is utilized as training and testing, and the APTOS 2019 dataset is used as external validation. Results: By comparing evaluation metrics of DR classification among different models, the findings are as follows: (1) Accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and F1 score of the CS-ResNet-101 model with the image enhancement algorithm and the improved loss function reach 98.1%, 99.6%, 98.1% and 98.1%, respectively, and it converges faster than other models. (2) The CS-ResNet-101 model exhibits excellent generalization performance on the external validation. Conclusion: The above experimental results indicate that the proposed model with the image enhancement algorithm and the improved loss function is effective and advanced in terms of DR classification. Advances in knowledge: This work proposes an automated DR classification method based on deep learning and an image enhancement algorithm for DR image.
Keyword ：
CS-ResNet-101 CS-ResNet-101 Deep learning (DL) Deep learning (DL) Diabetic retinopathy (DR) Diabetic retinopathy (DR) Image enhancement algorithm Image enhancement algorithm Improved loss function Improved loss function
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , He, Zhaokun , Liu, Yicun . Deep learning CS-ResNet-101 model for diabetic retinopathy classification [J]. | BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL , 2024 , 97 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Deep learning CS-ResNet-101 model for diabetic retinopathy classification" . | BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL 97 (2024) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , He, Zhaokun , Liu, Yicun . Deep learning CS-ResNet-101 model for diabetic retinopathy classification . | BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL , 2024 , 97 . |
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Classic thermoelectric coupling effects, such as the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect, highlight the significant impact of temperature on the electrical properties of materials. In contrast to these traditional effects, recent studies have identified the emergence of thermopolarization effects, where temperature gradients induce polarization changes in materials, leading to heat flow. Moreover, temperature gradients can also result in strain gradients within the material, which, unlike the piezoelectric effect, can induce polarization, giving rise to the flexoelectric effect. Despite the growing interest in thermopolarization phenomena, there remains a lack of thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this study, we present a thermo-electro-elastic coupling model for an isotropic hollow cylinder incorporating thermopolarization and flexoelectric effects. This model necessitates modifications to the heat conduction equation, constitutive equation, and governing equation. Through numerical simulations, the impact of thermopolarization coefficient and flexoelectric coefficient on radial displacement, temperature, potential, and electrical displacement is investigated. The results show that the steady-state radial displacement and temperature initially increase and then decrease with variations in the thermal polarization coefficient. Moreover, an increase in the thermal polarization coefficient speeds up the thermo-electro-elastic coupling process towards a steady state. Additionally, mutual interactions between flexoelectric and thermal polarization effects are observed. This comprehensive model provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of microelectronic devices.
Keyword ：
flexoelectric effect flexoelectric effect temperature gradient temperature gradient thermo-electro-elastic coupling thermo-electro-elastic coupling thermopolarization effect thermopolarization effect
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| GB/T 7714 | Yu, Pengfei , Yang, Dianhan , Peng, Liming et al. Analysis of Flexoelectric Hollow Cylinder with Thermopolarization Effect [J]. | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS , 2024 , 59 (5) : 3024-3037 . |
| MLA | Yu, Pengfei et al. "Analysis of Flexoelectric Hollow Cylinder with Thermopolarization Effect" . | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS 59 . 5 (2024) : 3024-3037 . |
| APA | Yu, Pengfei , Yang, Dianhan , Peng, Liming , Suo, Yaohong , Wu, Yihan . Analysis of Flexoelectric Hollow Cylinder with Thermopolarization Effect . | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS , 2024 , 59 (5) , 3024-3037 . |
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In order to improve heat dissipation performance of battery pack with air-cooled structure, a novel stepped divergence plenum in Z-type air-cooled structure is proposed in a prismatic battery pack. Then the accuracy and effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model are verified by comparison with experimental results. Subsequently, the effects of the total height of all steps and the height of every step on the maximum temperature, temperature difference and temperature standard deviation of battery pack with air-cooled structure are explored, respectively. Finally, the stepped divergence plenum at different inlet airflow velocity is further optimized to achieve better cooling performance. Numerical results indicate that 1) For the larger total height of the steps, the stepped divergence plenum is suitable for Z-type air-cooled structure, and the stepped divergence plenum is better than the slanted one in the aspect of cooling efficiency while the latter is superior to the former for the smaller total height of the steps 2) Compared with the slanted divergence plenum, a stepped divergence plenum improves the heat dissipation performance of the battery for Z-type air-cooled structure. 3) The height of every step and inlet airflow velocity plays an important role in the cooling performance of the battery. The optimization results are h = 0.125 (i.e, Hopt = [1.39, 2.51, 2.51, 2.02, 2.02, 1.89, 1.76, 1.39, 1.51]) and 3 m/s, and the corresponding maximum temperature, temperature difference and temperature standard deviation of the battery pack are respectively reduced about 34.65 %, 77.51 % and 99.04 % in comparison with those for Z-type model. The optimization scheme proposed in this work provides a design guideline to improve the cooling performance of the air-cooled structure.
Keyword ：
Air-cooled structure Air-cooled structure Optimization Optimization Slanted divergence plenum Slanted divergence plenum Stepped divergence plenum Stepped divergence plenum Thermal management Thermal management
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Yang, Huai . Optimization design of the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system with a stepped divergence plenum [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2023 , 73 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Optimization design of the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system with a stepped divergence plenum" . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 73 (2023) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Tang, Chengbo , Yang, Huai . Optimization design of the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system with a stepped divergence plenum . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE , 2023 , 73 . |
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The performance of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is seriously affected by temperature rise and mechanical degradation during the charge or discharge. In this work, a fully coupled thermomechanical model with the total heat generation rate is developed to analyze the mechanism of the temperature rise and stress distribution. Then numerical simulations are performed to show the evolution of temperature and stress for 18650 LIBs. The comparisons of the surface temperature evolution between the present model and experimental results, and the temperature variation with radius between the present model and the pure thermal model are made, respectively. Finally, the influences of some design parameters upon the Li-ions concentration and the stress are discussed. The numerical results show that the present model is more validated against the pure thermal model, and the temperature and stress will be reduced if the positive electrode particle radius, the volume fraction of the positive active material and the initial electrolyte salt concentration are decreased, or the positive electrode thickness is increased which will provide some guides for the design of LIBs.
Keyword ：
Hoop stress Hoop stress Radial stress Radial stress Temperature Temperature Thermomechanical coupling Thermomechanical coupling Total heat generation rate Total heat generation rate
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Lai, Guanghui , He, Zhaokun . A Fully Coupled Thermomechanical Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Total Heat Generation Rate [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING , 2023 , 149 (6) . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "A Fully Coupled Thermomechanical Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Total Heat Generation Rate" . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING 149 . 6 (2023) . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Lai, Guanghui , He, Zhaokun . A Fully Coupled Thermomechanical Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Total Heat Generation Rate . | JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING , 2023 , 149 (6) . |
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Surface effect in the nanoelectrode plays a significant role in the diffusion-induced-stresses which results in fracture at the surface during the charge or discharge of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, considering the surface effect and structural damage, a coupled diffusion-induced deformation model is developed in a nanosphere electrode particle under potentiostatic operation. Then the effects of surface parameters and damage constant on the damage state variable, concentration of lithium-ions, radial stress, hoop stress and equivalent stress are investigated, respectively. Numerical results show that the compressive surface effect reduces the structural damage state variable and the lithium-ion concentration, and hinders the damage through converting the hoop stress from tensile to compressive; The maximum equivalent stress occurs at the surface for smaller damage constant and it will move toward the center for larger damage constant.
Keyword ：
diffusion-induced stress diffusion-induced stress lithium-ion batteries lithium-ion batteries structural damage structural damage surface effect surface effect
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| GB/T 7714 | Suo, Yaohong , Xiao, Junwen , He, Zhaokun . Analysis of Diffusion-Induced Deformation in a Spherical Electrode with Surface Effect and Structural Damage [J]. | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS , 2023 , 58 (3) : 985-993 . |
| MLA | Suo, Yaohong et al. "Analysis of Diffusion-Induced Deformation in a Spherical Electrode with Surface Effect and Structural Damage" . | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS 58 . 3 (2023) : 985-993 . |
| APA | Suo, Yaohong , Xiao, Junwen , He, Zhaokun . Analysis of Diffusion-Induced Deformation in a Spherical Electrode with Surface Effect and Structural Damage . | MECHANICS OF SOLIDS , 2023 , 58 (3) , 985-993 . |
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