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学者姓名：许志红
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Abstract ：
In order to improve the breaking speed of miniature circuit breakers, RecurDyn Flux and Altair Flux were used to build an electromagnetic trip simulation model coupled with multi-body dynamics and electromagnetism to simulate the electromagnetic trip process in the event of short-circuit fault. It analyzes the dynamic characteristic curves during the contact separation process to explore the factors affecting the breaking speed, and the actual electromagnetic trip process was photographed by high-speed camera to verify the simulation model. Based on the simulation model, the orthogonal experiment is designed for the three factors that affect the breaking speed, and the optimal combination of factors is obtained. The test results show that the design scheme can increase the breaking speed of mini circuit breaker by 24.17% compared with the original prototype. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Digital elevation model Digital elevation model Electromagnetic transients Electromagnetic transients Integrated circuit design Integrated circuit design Reclosing circuit breakers Reclosing circuit breakers Timing circuits Timing circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Yan , Xu, Zhihong . Electromagnetic Trip Simulation and Orthogonal Experiment Design of Miniature Circuit Breaker [C] . 2025 : 121-130 . |
| MLA | Gao, Yan 等. "Electromagnetic Trip Simulation and Orthogonal Experiment Design of Miniature Circuit Breaker" . (2025) : 121-130 . |
| APA | Gao, Yan , Xu, Zhihong . Electromagnetic Trip Simulation and Orthogonal Experiment Design of Miniature Circuit Breaker . (2025) : 121-130 . |
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In addressing the issue of asynchronous closing during the closing process of multi-break electromagnetic switches, the mechanism of electromagnetic system inter-coupling was analyzed, and a coordinated closing control strategy for multi-break electromagnetic switches was proposed. By using a laser displacement sensor to collect contact displacement signals, the contact displacement signal of a single-pole switch is used as a reference displacement. Other switches follow this reference online, achieving synchronous control of contact displacements and thereby synchronizing the moment of closure. The GD32F103 microcontroller serves as the control core, combined with a dual closed-loop control strategy of displacement and current to set up the experimental platform. Experimental results show that the coordinated closing control strategy effectively enhances the synchronicity of the closing moment. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Electric switches Electric switches Phase locked loops Phase locked loops
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Qitao , Xu, Zhihong . The Research on Coordinated Closing Control Strategy for Multi-break Electromagnetic Switches [C] . 2025 : 187-195 . |
| MLA | Chen, Qitao 等. "The Research on Coordinated Closing Control Strategy for Multi-break Electromagnetic Switches" . (2025) : 187-195 . |
| APA | Chen, Qitao , Xu, Zhihong . The Research on Coordinated Closing Control Strategy for Multi-break Electromagnetic Switches . (2025) : 187-195 . |
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Addressing the issue of electrical fires caused by DC series arc fault in long-serving photovoltaic systems due to line aging and poor contact, this paper proposes a fault detection method that combines multi-feature fusion fault criteria with machine learning algorithms. Initially, an arc generator is designed and integrated into the photovoltaic system to produce DC arc fault waveforms, with arc data collected using sensors and oscilloscopes. Subsequently, arc features are extracted from various domains and feature selection is performed using the random forest algorithm to eliminate redundant features, forming feature criteria. Finally, arc fault detection is carried out using a support vector machine optimized by particle swarm optimization. Experimental results show that this method can accurately identify DC series arc fault in photovoltaic systems and has a certain degree of anti-interference capability. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Adaptive boosting Adaptive boosting Decision trees Decision trees Feature Selection Feature Selection Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Random forests Random forests Support vector machines Support vector machines
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| GB/T 7714 | Cao, Feng , Xu, Zhihong . PSO-SVM Based DC Series Arc Fault Detection Method in Photovoltaic Systems [C] . 2025 : 697-705 . |
| MLA | Cao, Feng 等. "PSO-SVM Based DC Series Arc Fault Detection Method in Photovoltaic Systems" . (2025) : 697-705 . |
| APA | Cao, Feng , Xu, Zhihong . PSO-SVM Based DC Series Arc Fault Detection Method in Photovoltaic Systems . (2025) : 697-705 . |
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Abstract ：
During the operation of the electromagnetic switches, the flux linkage can replace the mechanical parameters to characterize the motion of the actuator. But the observation errors of the flux linkage will lead to a failure of the control strategy. To address this issue, a cascade control strategy based on flux linkage slope is proposed. The observed flux linkage is intercepted by a sliding window, the flux linkage slope is calculated, then the flux linkage slope is used to establish a cascade control strategy. This strategy consists of an outer loop of the flux linkage slope and an inner loop of the coil current. The theoretical deduction proves that the flux linkage slope can be compatible with the flux linkage observation error and reflect the change of the real flux linkage caused by the motion of the armature. The simulation results show that the proposed cascade control strategy has good compatibility with the flux linkage observation error while realizing the self-adjusting of coil current with the displacement of the armature. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Actuators Actuators Cascade control systems Cascade control systems Electric switches Electric switches
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Changkun , Su, Peiming , Xu, Zhihong . A Cascade Control Strategy for Electromagnetic Switches Based on Flux Linkage Slope [C] . 2025 : 594-601 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Changkun 等. "A Cascade Control Strategy for Electromagnetic Switches Based on Flux Linkage Slope" . (2025) : 594-601 . |
| APA | Zhang, Changkun , Su, Peiming , Xu, Zhihong . A Cascade Control Strategy for Electromagnetic Switches Based on Flux Linkage Slope . (2025) : 594-601 . |
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Aiming at the problem of arc extinguishing of HVDC relay, this paper presents an optimal design of electromagnetic system based on orthogonal test. In order to improve the breaking speed of the contact, a three-dimensional finite element model of the relay electromagnetic system is established. The key parameters of the electromagnetic system performance are analyzed, the optimization variables are determined, and the simulation model is verified by dynamic characteristic experiment. On this basis, the orthogonal test method is used to optimize the electromagnetic system of relay. The results show that the optimal design can improve the breaking speed of the relay contact and lay a theoretical foundation for improving the life of the relay. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Design of experiments Design of experiments HVDC power transmission HVDC power transmission
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou, Yuxing , Xu, Zhihong . Optimization Design of Electromagnetic System for HVDC Relays Based on Orthogonal Experiment [C] . 2025 : 738-746 . |
| MLA | Zhou, Yuxing 等. "Optimization Design of Electromagnetic System for HVDC Relays Based on Orthogonal Experiment" . (2025) : 738-746 . |
| APA | Zhou, Yuxing , Xu, Zhihong . Optimization Design of Electromagnetic System for HVDC Relays Based on Orthogonal Experiment . (2025) : 738-746 . |
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Abstract ：
The suddenness and obscurity of arc faults significantly complicate the detection and prediction of resultant fires, posing a serious threat to power systems and public safety. Accurate prediction and timely identification of fires induced by arc faults are essential. This article proposes a novel approach for arc fault fire prediction by fusing electrical signals with fire images, instead of relying solely on electrical signal detection. A fire data collection system is developed based on an arc fault experimental setup that adheres to standard requirements. The system collects multimodal data, including diverse types of arc fault signals and fire images. By analyzing this data, the mechanisms through which arc faults initiate and influence fire evolution are elucidated. A specialized tool is developed to annotate key timestamps in multimodal data and construct a high-quality dataset for model development. To address the complex application scenarios of arc fault fires, the fire prediction multimodal Fusion Transformer (FireMultiFormer) model is proposed. The model integrates fault signals and fire images to improve the accuracy of arc fault fire predictions. It uses the patch time-series Transformer (PatchTST) and the Vision Transformer (ViT) to extract features from current and image sequences, respectively, and employs a Fusion Transformer to fuse these multimodal features. This approach leverages data complementarity to improve the understanding and discrimination of fire states caused by arc faults. Experimental results show that the FireMultiFormer model achieves high accuracy and stability across various datasets. Case studies validate the model's ability to recognize and learn different fire states effectively. Ablation studies elucidate the impacts of model configurations and sample parameters on performance. Compared to single-modal and alternative methods, the multimodal model significantly improves performance in fire prediction. Furthermore, the proposed model enhances the performance of conventional arc fault detection methods by integrating image data.
Keyword ：
Accuracy Accuracy Arc fault Arc fault Circuit faults Circuit faults Data collection Data collection Data models Data models electrical fire electrical fire Feature extraction Feature extraction fire prediction fire prediction fire prediction multimodal Fusion Transformer (FireMultiFormer) fire prediction multimodal Fusion Transformer (FireMultiFormer) multimodal fusion multimodal fusion Predictive models Predictive models Sensors Sensors Standards Standards Temperature sensors Temperature sensors Transformer Transformer Visualization Visualization
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| GB/T 7714 | Du, Liwei , Xu, Zhihong , Gao, Jianhong et al. FireMultiFormer: A Transformer-Based Multimodal Approach for Predicting Arc Fault Fires With Fire Images and Fault Signals [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 74 . |
| MLA | Du, Liwei et al. "FireMultiFormer: A Transformer-Based Multimodal Approach for Predicting Arc Fault Fires With Fire Images and Fault Signals" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 74 (2025) . |
| APA | Du, Liwei , Xu, Zhihong , Gao, Jianhong , Chen, Duanyu . FireMultiFormer: A Transformer-Based Multimodal Approach for Predicting Arc Fault Fires With Fire Images and Fault Signals . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 74 . |
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Abstract ：
Arc fault is an important cause of electrical fire in distributed power generation and smart grid, which has caused significant property losses and personal injuries. Traditional protective devices such as circuit breakers and fuses cannot effectively detect low-current arc faults, so it is necessary to develop fast and accurate detection methods. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated multi-feature arc fault detection method, which combines time-domain and frequency-domain features and uses a multi-level discrimination method to improve detection accuracy. The proposed method includes using numerical calculations and fast Fourier transform algorithms to extract key features from the current waveform, such as waveform factor, kurtosis, fundamental frequency harmonic ratio, and spectral centroid, for comprehensive analysis to improve the accuracy of fault detection. Its uniqueness lies in the use of feature complementarity and volatility to enhance fault recognition under complex load conditions. The integrated multifeature detection device implemented using the STM32 microcontroller was tested on an arc fault testing system. The results show that the proposed method has good detection effects under various load scenarios, and its response time in all tests included in the standard is far below the specified threshold. The proposed algorithm significantly improves the accuracy and response speed of arc fault detection and further reduces hardware complexity for practical application. © 2025 IEEE.
Keyword ：
Electric arcs Electric arcs Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Electric power transmission networks Electric power transmission networks Extraction Extraction Fast Fourier transforms Fast Fourier transforms Fault detection Fault detection Frequency domain analysis Frequency domain analysis Smart power grids Smart power grids Time domain analysis Time domain analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Cai, Jiawei , Huang, Yuxuan , Li, Sitao et al. An Integrated Multi-Feature Algorithm for Arc Fault Detection [C] . 2025 . |
| MLA | Cai, Jiawei et al. "An Integrated Multi-Feature Algorithm for Arc Fault Detection" . (2025) . |
| APA | Cai, Jiawei , Huang, Yuxuan , Li, Sitao , Lin, Yingshan , Cao, Feng , Xu, Zhihong . An Integrated Multi-Feature Algorithm for Arc Fault Detection . (2025) . |
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Most of the existing fault arc circuit breaker is only for single circuit single load. Aiming at the problem of complex running load of low-voltage power lines, set up an experimental platform to collect the current signals of series fault arcs in main and branch lines under the conditions of single load operation and multi-load operation of typical household loads, to create a waveform database. Various time-frequency domain feature quantities are extracted, and a subset of the feature quantity data is constructed by random forest and input to a regularized limit learning machine (RELM) for fault arc detection, and the most appropriate input weights and implied layer thresholds of the RELM are optimally selected by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of fault arc identification. The result shows that the PSO-RELM algorithm achieves an accuracy of 98.37% and can accurately identify fault arcs in multi-load situations. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Frequency domain analysis Frequency domain analysis Machine learning Machine learning Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Swarm intelligence Swarm intelligence
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Hongda , Xu, Zhihong . Multi-load Series Fault Arc Identification Based on PSO-RELM [C] . 2024 : 117-125 . |
| MLA | Chen, Hongda et al. "Multi-load Series Fault Arc Identification Based on PSO-RELM" . (2024) : 117-125 . |
| APA | Chen, Hongda , Xu, Zhihong . Multi-load Series Fault Arc Identification Based on PSO-RELM . (2024) : 117-125 . |
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The actuator drivers are rarely transplanted among different contactors because the self-tuning of excitation control parameters either takes a long time or is relevant to many contactor structural parameters. An adaptive actuator driver for ac contactors is proposed based on the coil impedance estimation and mathematical equations between the coil impedance and excitation control parameters. The coil impedance estimation and its error correction are established through the voltage balance equation when the contactor is in the open position. The coil inductance estimation is established through the zero-state response equation when the contactor is in the closed position. The mathematical equations are established based on the equivalence of the electromagnetic force under different excitation methods, the power consumption model, and the control system's transfer function. A geometric feature of the flux linkage waveform is established to identify whether a contactor is in the closed position and realize the self-transition of the driver's working state. Then, self-tuning regulators for the excitation control parameters are realized. This driver has a plug-and-play function for ac contactors and can reduce the contactor's power consumption. This driver may be prospectively reduced to a chip.
Keyword ：
Actuator Actuator contactor contactor estimation estimation self-tuning regulator self-tuning regulator
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Changkun , Xu, Zhihong . An Adaptive Actuator Driver for AC Contactors [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (4) : 3904-3914 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Changkun et al. "An Adaptive Actuator Driver for AC Contactors" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 71 . 4 (2024) : 3904-3914 . |
| APA | Zhang, Changkun , Xu, Zhihong . An Adaptive Actuator Driver for AC Contactors . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (4) , 3904-3914 . |
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In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional intelligent contactor performance test, this paper proposes a contactor dynamic characteristic test and analysis system based on NI CompactRIO, which is convenient for measuring the performance index of intelligent contactor. The system includes a Human-Machine-Interaction(HMI) interface, which can control the action of the contactor to be detected and collect signals in the host computer platform. According to the trend of the collected signal waveform, the performance indexes of the contactor, such as the closing/opening time, the closing/holding power, are calculated. The system also has the functions of cyclic switching test and automatic data storage, which greatly improves the automation level and efficiency of the test. It provides data support for the improvement and optimization of the control strategy of intelligent contactor. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Computer control systems Computer control systems Digital storage Digital storage Efficiency Efficiency
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| GB/T 7714 | Tian, Yaoming , Xu, Zhihong . A Testing System Design of Dynamic Characteristics of Contactor Based on CompactRIO [C] . 2024 : 823-830 . |
| MLA | Tian, Yaoming et al. "A Testing System Design of Dynamic Characteristics of Contactor Based on CompactRIO" . (2024) : 823-830 . |
| APA | Tian, Yaoming , Xu, Zhihong . A Testing System Design of Dynamic Characteristics of Contactor Based on CompactRIO . (2024) : 823-830 . |
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