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学者姓名：赵剑曦
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Abstract ：
本文总结了表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中复杂反相聚集的研究进展。首先突破了表面活性剂在非极性溶剂(油)中溶解的难题,通过设计合成大头基的新表面活性剂,或引入合适添加剂使之与表面活性剂头基相互作用,由此增大头基有效尺寸,这些均能有效促进表面活性剂形成核-壳完整的聚集体,进而带动表面活性剂分散(溶解)在非极性溶剂中。基于聚集体带动溶解的思路,建立了制备表面活性剂/油均相溶液的直接溶解方法,讨论了制备方法的关键要素,它比文献常用的甲醇预溶解法方便且有效。列举了若干典型的表面活性剂/环己烷均相体系,以此评述了聚集体带动溶解的方法,也展现了丰富多样的反相聚集形貌,讨论了表面活性剂头基尺寸对聚集结构的影响。
Keyword ：
反相复杂聚集 反相复杂聚集 直接溶解法 直接溶解法 表面活性剂 表面活性剂 非极性有机溶剂 非极性有机溶剂
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| GB/T 7714 | 赵剑曦 , 顾攀攀 , 曾慧 et al. 表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的自组装 [J]. | 化学进展 , 2019 , 31 (05) : 643-653 . |
| MLA | 赵剑曦 et al. "表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的自组装" . | 化学进展 31 . 05 (2019) : 643-653 . |
| APA | 赵剑曦 , 顾攀攀 , 曾慧 , 邓生禄 . 表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的自组装 . | 化学进展 , 2019 , 31 (05) , 643-653 . |
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The self-assembly of the cationic surfactant cetylpyridiniumchloride (CPC) in cyclohexane was studied using polarizing-microscopy (POM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheology measurements. Homogeneous solutions of CPC/aromatic salts were produced using aromatic salts, specifically, NaBzs, NaNphs, or NaSal. The majority of the samples showed highly viscous gel-like appearances. SAXS measurements together with POM observations indicate hexagonal liquid crystals in both the CPC/NaNphs and CPC/NaSal, while multiple types of aggregates were shown to co-exist in the CPC/NaBzs. These were attributed to the interactions of aromatic counterions with the pyridinium head-group of CPC, resulting in increased size of the CPC head to different extents depending on the aromatic counterions. The formation of core-shell aggregates consequently caused further packing into liquid crystals. The specific role of NaSal that carried an ortho-hydroxyl in its benzene ring is discussed, and the mechanism of trace water molecules bridging neighboring NaSal molecules was revealed according to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements. The samples had high viscoelasticity, for example, the steady-state low-shear viscosity at a shear rate of 0.001, (L), of the samples at W-0=32 was 3.3x10(5), 2.0x10(4), and 6.8x10(2)Pas for CPC/NaBzs, CPC/NaNphs, and CPC/NaSal, respectively, at 25 degrees C. The corresponding elastic plateau moduli, G(P), were 1.9x10(3), 1.1x10(3), and 1.1x10(2)Pa, respectively. The temperature effect was examined for samples at W-0=32, which were found to retain high viscosity at higher temperatures, for example, the relative viscosity to solvent cyclohexane, (r), reached 10(7) and 10(5) for CPC/NaBzs and CPC/NaNphs, respectively, at 70 degrees C.
Keyword ：
Aromatic counterions Aromatic counterions Homogeneous cyclohexane solutions Homogeneous cyclohexane solutions Inverted liquid crystallines Inverted liquid crystallines Ionic surfactant Ionic surfactant
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, Pan-pan , Zhao, Jian-xi . A reverse lyotropic liquid crystal formed by cetylpyridiniumchloride in cyclohexane with the assistance of aromatic counterions [J]. | COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE , 2019 , 297 (2) : 271-283 . |
| MLA | Gu, Pan-pan et al. "A reverse lyotropic liquid crystal formed by cetylpyridiniumchloride in cyclohexane with the assistance of aromatic counterions" . | COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE 297 . 2 (2019) : 271-283 . |
| APA | Gu, Pan-pan , Zhao, Jian-xi . A reverse lyotropic liquid crystal formed by cetylpyridiniumchloride in cyclohexane with the assistance of aromatic counterions . | COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE , 2019 , 297 (2) , 271-283 . |
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The progress in the study on complicated reverse aggregation of surfactants in non-polar organic solvents is reviewed. Firstly, the problem of surfactant dissolution in non-polar organic solvents (oils) is resolved. The inverted aggregates with full core-shell structure can be expected to form using synthesized new surfactants with a large headgroup or by introducing suitable additives to interact with the head of surfactant and increase the effective size of the head of surfactant. These steps of promoting aggregate formation drive the surfactants to disperse and dissolve in non-polar solvents. Based on this way, a one-step method of directly dissolving and preparing homogeneous solutions of surfactants in oils is developed and the key factors about this method are discussed. Comparatively, the direct dissolution method is more convenient and also more effective than the methanol dissolution method as reported in literature. Some typical homogeneous systems of surfactants in cyclohexane are exhibited and the dissolution method upon aggregate formation is reviewed. In these systems, the aggregates show varied morphologies. The effect of surfactant head size on aggregate morphology is also discussed.
Keyword ：
complicated reverse aggregation complicated reverse aggregation direct dissolution method direct dissolution method non-polar organic solvents non-polar organic solvents surfactants surfactants
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Jianxi , Gu, Panpan , Zeng, Hui et al. Self-Assembly of Surfactants in Non-Polar Organic Solvents [J]. | PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY , 2019 , 31 (5) : 643-653 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Jianxi et al. "Self-Assembly of Surfactants in Non-Polar Organic Solvents" . | PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY 31 . 5 (2019) : 643-653 . |
| APA | Zhao, Jianxi , Gu, Panpan , Zeng, Hui , Deng, Shenglu . Self-Assembly of Surfactants in Non-Polar Organic Solvents . | PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY , 2019 , 31 (5) , 643-653 . |
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The quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants 12-s-12 (s= 2, 6, and 10) can produce homogeneous cyclohexane solutions with the assistance of salts, sodium benzoate (NaBez), sodium salicylate (NaSal), or sodium 2-bromoethanesulphonate (NaBres). In these samples, 12-s-12/salt formed aggregates and their structures were assigned by SAXS measurements together with POM observations. Among the three salts, both NaBez and NaBres had similar effects on assisting aggregate formation, but NaSal favoured the generation of aggregates of 12-s-12 with lower interface curvature. For example, both 12-2-12/NaBez and 12-2-12/NaBres formed an I-2 liquid crystalline (LC) phase with an Fm3m structure, but 12-2-12/NaSal generated a H-2 LC phase. Both 12-6-12/NaBez and 12-6-12/NaBres generated a H-2 LC phase, while 12-6-12/NaSal yielded both H-2 and V-2 phases with Pn3m symmetry, both of which co-existed in solution. The special effect of NaSal was attributed to its ortho-hydroxyl in the benzene ring. This favoured the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among the NaSal molecules attracted to the quaternary ammonium head of 12-s-12. The water molecules joined between the NaSal molecules to build hydrogen-bonding bridges, which further increased the size of the 12-s-12 head. This benefited the formation of aggregates with lower surface curvature. In the systems of both NaBez and NaBres, the spacer length of the gemini surfactants dominated the morphology of the formed aggregates, wherein the effect of the salt was significantly weaker. Finally, the visco-elasticity of samples with similar aggregates was measured and the rheological behaviour discussed.
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| GB/T 7714 | Deng, Sheng-lu , Zhao, Jian-xi , Wen, Zhi-xiu . Self-assembly of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants in cyclohexane upon reinforcement by simple counterions [J]. | RSC ADVANCES , 2018 , 8 (34) : 18880-18888 . |
| MLA | Deng, Sheng-lu et al. "Self-assembly of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants in cyclohexane upon reinforcement by simple counterions" . | RSC ADVANCES 8 . 34 (2018) : 18880-18888 . |
| APA | Deng, Sheng-lu , Zhao, Jian-xi , Wen, Zhi-xiu . Self-assembly of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants in cyclohexane upon reinforcement by simple counterions . | RSC ADVANCES , 2018 , 8 (34) , 18880-18888 . |
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Herein, homogeneous solutions of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide), referred to as 12-s-12 where s = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, in cyclohexane have been prepared with the help of sodium hexanoate (SH) or sodium laurate (SL). These surfactants self-assembled in cyclohexane to form various aggregating structures, which were characterised by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) together with polarised microscopy observations. The results showed that 12-2-12/SH, where the gemini had the shortest spacer among this series, formed an inverse micellar cubic liquid crystalline phase of the Fd3m structure. 12-s-12/SL, including s = 4, 6, and 8, which contained an adequate length spacer, formed an inverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phase packed by the cylindrical assemblies of surfactants. 12-10-12/SL, in which the gemini had a longer spacer, formed dispersed reverse vesicles (a lamellar structure). The rheological properties of liquid crystalline phases in a linear visco-elastic regime were studied. 12-2-12/SH formed a hard gel, whereas 12-s-12/SL formed soft gels. Dynamic light scattering and steady-state viscosity analyses were performed for the reverse vesicle solutions formed by 12-10-12/SL. In all these systems, the amount of added water W-0, denoting the mole ratio of water to the gemini surfactant, was demonstrated to influence the properties.
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| GB/T 7714 | Deng, Shenglu , Zhao, Jianxi . Self-assembly of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-bis-(dimethyldodecyl-ammonium bromide), in cyclohexane: effects of spacer length on their association into reverse lyotropic liquid crystalline or reverse vesicles [J]. | SOFT MATTER , 2018 , 14 (5) : 734-741 . |
| MLA | Deng, Shenglu et al. "Self-assembly of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-bis-(dimethyldodecyl-ammonium bromide), in cyclohexane: effects of spacer length on their association into reverse lyotropic liquid crystalline or reverse vesicles" . | SOFT MATTER 14 . 5 (2018) : 734-741 . |
| APA | Deng, Shenglu , Zhao, Jianxi . Self-assembly of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-bis-(dimethyldodecyl-ammonium bromide), in cyclohexane: effects of spacer length on their association into reverse lyotropic liquid crystalline or reverse vesicles . | SOFT MATTER , 2018 , 14 (5) , 734-741 . |
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采用Tafel极化法、循环伏安法和恒电压腐蚀法分别考查了气相二氧化硅(F-SiO2)凝胶态下的负极板栅(Pb-Ca合金)和正极板栅(Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金)腐蚀,结果表明:当F-SiO2含量超过5％,负极板栅腐蚀电流开始急剧增大,缓蚀率显著减小;F-SiO2含量约为6％时,正极板栅腐蚀速率最小.综合两方面的结果可见,胶体电解质中F-SiO2展示了浓度极点(转折)效应,数值在5％～6％(质量分数).该研究结果对开发F-SiO2作为胶凝剂以及胶体电解质配方的设计具有重要意义.
Keyword ：
板栅腐蚀 板栅腐蚀 气相二氧化硅 气相二氧化硅 胶体电解质 胶体电解质
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| GB/T 7714 | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 气相二氧化硅凝胶态下的板栅腐蚀研究 [J]. | 电源技术 , 2018 , 42 (4) : 545-547,582 . |
| MLA | 孙小祥 et al. "气相二氧化硅凝胶态下的板栅腐蚀研究" . | 电源技术 42 . 4 (2018) : 545-547,582 . |
| APA | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 气相二氧化硅凝胶态下的板栅腐蚀研究 . | 电源技术 , 2018 , 42 (4) , 545-547,582 . |
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The reorganization of fumed silica gel formed in sulphuric acid medium after being broken has been studied using rheological measurements including thixotropy, gelling time, and gel strength determination according to the falling rod method. The original gel formed by fumed silica particles was also studied for comparison. The results showed that the segments yielded after the original gel was broken can reorganize into a new gel although its ability was weaker than that of fresh particles. The dispersed size of silica particles influenced both the formation of the original gel and the reorganization behavior. The smaller silica particles favored a prolonged gelling time but yielded a gel with relatively low strength. Comparatively, the tendency to reorganize was weaker than in the original gel formation. The standing temperature during the fresh gel formation showed less of an effect on the reorganization process.
Keyword ：
Fumed silica Fumed silica Gel formation Gel formation Re-organization Re-organization
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| GB/T 7714 | Sun, Xiaoxiang , Zhao, Jianxi . Reformation of Fumed Silica Gel After Being Broken [J]. | SILICON , 2017 , 9 (6) : 879-884 . |
| MLA | Sun, Xiaoxiang et al. "Reformation of Fumed Silica Gel After Being Broken" . | SILICON 9 . 6 (2017) : 879-884 . |
| APA | Sun, Xiaoxiang , Zhao, Jianxi . Reformation of Fumed Silica Gel After Being Broken . | SILICON , 2017 , 9 (6) , 879-884 . |
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The association of mixed docosyltrimethylammobium bromide and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, C(22)TABr/C(18)TABr, in ethanol (a common solvent favoured for both their alkyl tails and head-groups) induced by the addition of water (a non-solvent for the tails) has been studied using light-scattering measurements. Under the assistance of NaBr, which promoted the surfactant molecules to pack tightly in the micelles, mono-disperse spherical micelles composed of mixed C(22)TABr/C(18)TABr were obtained in ethanol/water (15/85 wt%). Styrene was solubilised into the templating C(22)TABr/C(18)TABr micelles ((3 surf, the molar ratio of C(18)TABr to C(22)TABr, was 2.5) and then was polymerised in situ. To achieve a good freezing effect, the amount of styrene solubilised, represented as the molar ratio of styrene monomer to total surfactants, nst/nsurf,, was required to be greater than 4.87 for this templating micellar system. The diluting tests demonstrated that, after polymerisation, the styrene-containing micelles froze their microstructure well. Light-scattering measurements, and TEM observation, all indicated that these micelles were mono dispersed, and retained their spherical shape. As swollen by polystyrene, the micelle had an avarage radius of 18 nm. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Frozen micelles Frozen micelles Mono-disperse C(22)TABr/C(18)TABr micelles Mono-disperse C(22)TABr/C(18)TABr micelles Spherical morphology Spherical morphology Styrene polymerisation Styrene polymerisation
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Jianxi , Yu, Hongbin . Spherical micelle formation by mixed quaternary ammonium surfactants with long, and short, tails in ethanol/water solvent and micellar freezing upon solubilising styrene polymerisation [J]. | COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS , 2017 , 513 : 274-279 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Jianxi et al. "Spherical micelle formation by mixed quaternary ammonium surfactants with long, and short, tails in ethanol/water solvent and micellar freezing upon solubilising styrene polymerisation" . | COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS 513 (2017) : 274-279 . |
| APA | Zhao, Jianxi , Yu, Hongbin . Spherical micelle formation by mixed quaternary ammonium surfactants with long, and short, tails in ethanol/water solvent and micellar freezing upon solubilising styrene polymerisation . | COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS , 2017 , 513 , 274-279 . |
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分析了阀控式铅酸蓄电池热失控发生的原因,结合当前企业使用AGM隔板的现状,从正极析氧和隔板两个角度讨论了以气相二氧化硅为凝胶剂的凝胶电池热失控发生的可能性.结果表明,气相二氧化硅含量强烈影响了电池正极的析氧,为减小凝胶电池热失控的发生,气相二氧化硅的含量应小于5％(质量分数).对当前使用AGM隔板的凝胶电池,由于它的大孔道,存在较大热失控的风险,为此强调开发与凝胶电池配套专用隔板的重要性,由此可实现真正意义的高质量凝胶电池.
Keyword ：
专用隔板 专用隔板 凝胶电池 凝胶电池 气相二氧化硅 气相二氧化硅 热失控 热失控
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| GB/T 7714 | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 凝胶铅酸蓄电池热失控现象探讨 [J]. | 储能科学与技术 , 2017 , 6 (1) : 122-126 . |
| MLA | 孙小祥 et al. "凝胶铅酸蓄电池热失控现象探讨" . | 储能科学与技术 6 . 1 (2017) : 122-126 . |
| APA | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 凝胶铅酸蓄电池热失控现象探讨 . | 储能科学与技术 , 2017 , 6 (1) , 122-126 . |
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通过对文献关于凝胶电池内阻观点的分析,设计了吸附、电导和循环伏安实验来揭示气相二氧化硅加入硫酸溶液中形成凝胶后的离子状况,结果表明气相二氧化硅的添加和形成凝胶有利于其中离子的传输,最大促进效应出现在5％～6％(质量分数)气相二氧化硅处.气相二氧化硅对硫酸的吸附量很小,对电池来说可以不考虑这种吸附的影响.这些结论基于实验明确给出,对理解凝胶电池的优良性能以及开发气相二氧化硅作为胶凝剂具有积极意义.
Keyword ：
内阻 内阻 凝胶电池 凝胶电池 气相二氧化硅 气相二氧化硅
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| GB/T 7714 | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 凝胶铅酸蓄电池的内阻研究 [J]. | 电源技术 , 2017 , 41 (4) : 575-576,653 . |
| MLA | 孙小祥 et al. "凝胶铅酸蓄电池的内阻研究" . | 电源技术 41 . 4 (2017) : 575-576,653 . |
| APA | 孙小祥 , 赵剑曦 . 凝胶铅酸蓄电池的内阻研究 . | 电源技术 , 2017 , 41 (4) , 575-576,653 . |
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