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学者姓名：向红亮
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Abstract ：
The laminated carbon-nanotubes/Cu (CNTs/Cu) composites were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and hot rolling to achieve a good combination of properties. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity were investigated, and the strengthening mechanism was discussed. Results indicated that functional groups were introduced onto the surface of CNTs after acid treatment, enabling the formation of an optimal CNT deposition morphology on the Cu matrix at an electrophoretic deposition voltage of 75 V. The sintered CNTs/Cu composite exhibits a laminated structure with coarse grains and randomly distributed textures. Compared to sintered pure Cu, the sintered composite demonstrates a 42.07 % increase in tensile strength and a 17.8 % improvement in elongation. And the electrical conductivity reaches 93.05 % of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). Subsequent hot rolling refined the grains and reoriented the texture to deformation textures. The hot-rolled composites achieve a tensile strength of 355 MPa, an elongation of 12.2 %, and a conductivity of 85.53 % IACS. The strengthening mechanisms of CNTs/Cu composites involve grain refinement, load transfer, and thermal mismatch strengthening, with grain refinement as the primary factor. Grain refinement, crack deflection, and bridging-pullout of CNTs are mainly responsible for the good combination of strength, ductility and electrical conductivity.
Keyword ：
Carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites Carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites Electrophoretic deposition Electrophoretic deposition Laminated structure Laminated structure Microstructure Microstructure Strengthening Strengthening
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Hanqun , Deng, Liping , Pan, Xincheng et al. Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites [J]. | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 221 . |
| MLA | Wu, Hanqun et al. "Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites" . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 221 (2025) . |
| APA | Wu, Hanqun , Deng, Liping , Pan, Xincheng , Wang, Bingshu , Xiang, Hongliang . Study on the microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanisms of electrophoretic deposited carbon-nanotubes/Cu composites . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2025 , 221 . |
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Compared to duplex stainless steels (DSSs) prepared by traditional methods, specimens produced through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit excellent yield strength but lower elongation. To improve elongation, understanding microstructure evolution during uniaxial tensile testing is crucial. This study investigates the slip behavior, grain boundary evolution, and phase transformation of LPBF 2205 duplex stainless steel during tensile deformation using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show the formation of slip bands, which increase in number as loading stress rises. The primary slip systems activated are {110} in ferrite and {111} in austenite. In the ferrite phase, slip dislocations accumulate and generate low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), which evolve into high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), refining the grain structure. Numerous Σ3 annealing twins form in the austenite phase, but detwinning and twinning reduce Σ3 content as deformation processes. Ferrite and austenite exhibit good stability during the initial stages of tensile deformation. However, some austenite transforms into martensite through the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect at the final stages of deformation, which helps relieve stress concentration and delays material fracture. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing microstructure to improve the mechanical properties of LPBF materials. © 2024 The Authors
Keyword ：
Austenite Austenite Crystal lattices Crystal lattices Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Fracture mechanics Fracture mechanics Grain boundaries Grain boundaries Plasticity testing Plasticity testing Steel powder metallurgy Steel powder metallurgy Steel testing Steel testing Tensile strength Tensile strength Tensile testing Tensile testing Transformation Induced Plasticity steel Transformation Induced Plasticity steel Yield stress Yield stress
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing [J]. | Journal of Materials Research and Technology , 2024 , 33 : 2113-2124 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing" . | Journal of Materials Research and Technology 33 (2024) : 2113-2124 . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming , Deng, Tingting , Zhang, Xiangkai , Lu, Yuemei et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing . | Journal of Materials Research and Technology , 2024 , 33 , 2113-2124 . |
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The supportfree printing of overhanging structure arouses enormous interest for its advantages to eliminate the need for support removal and to improve the efficiency in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing. However, the improvement of down -facing surface quality remains a significant challenge, where an in-depth understanding of the formation of overhanging tracks is essential. This paper developed a multiphysics model of overhanging tracks in L-PBF to systematically investigate the formation mechanisms of key features such as discontinuity and dross, as well as their correlation with surface roughness. It reveals that there are two main causes of discontinuity of overhanging tracks: the coalescence and balling of the melt under low energy density, and the irregular sinking of melt pool at the overhanging edge. The high energy density could mitigate the occurrence of discontinuous tracks, but it might also lead to undesirable dross upon the complete penetration of the overhanging structure. The relationship between processing parameters, morphological defects and surface roughness were systematically discussed, which revealed the necessity to tailor processing parameters for different overhang angles to improve the down -facing surface quality. Furthermore, the significant correlation between the single-track morphology and the down -facing surface roughness has been demonstrated quantitatively, which proposed a practical way to predict the trend of the down -facing surface quality by single-track simulation. This could help improve the supportfree printing process in metal additive manufacturing.
Keyword ：
Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Multi-physics modeling Multi-physics modeling Overhanging structure Overhanging structure Supportfree printing Supportfree printing Surface roughness Surface roughness
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| GB/T 7714 | Xiang, Hongliang , Zhou, Yulong , Zhang, Xiangkai et al. Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness [J]. | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 177 . |
| MLA | Xiang, Hongliang et al. "Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness" . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 177 (2024) . |
| APA | Xiang, Hongliang , Zhou, Yulong , Zhang, Xiangkai , Li, Jie , Huang, Ye , Mou, Gang et al. Supportfree printing in laser powder bed fusion: Formation mechanisms of discontinuity, dross and surface roughness . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 177 . |
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Abstract ：
Compared to duplex stainless steels (DSSs) prepared by traditional methods, specimens produced through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit excellent yield strength but lower elongation. To improve elongation, understanding microstructure evolution during uniaxial tensile testing is crucial. This study investigates the slip behavior, grain boundary evolution, and phase transformation of LPBF 2205 duplex stainless steel during tensile deformation using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show the formation of slip bands, which increase in number as loading stress rises. The primary slip systems activated are {110}<111> in ferrite and {111}<110> in austenite. In the ferrite phase, slip dislocations accumulate and generate low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), which evolve into high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), refining the grain structure. Numerous Sigma 3 annealing twins form in the austenite phase, but detwinning and twinning reduce Sigma 3 content as deformation processes. Ferrite and austenite exhibit good stability during the initial stages of tensile deformation. However, some austenite transforms into martensite through the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect at the final stages of deformation, which helps relieve stress concentration and delays material fracture. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing microstructure to improve the mechanical properties of LPBF materials.
Keyword ：
2205 duplex stainless steel 2205 duplex stainless steel In-situ uniaxial tensile testing In-situ uniaxial tensile testing Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Phase transformation Phase transformation Slip behavior Slip behavior
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing [J]. | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 : 2113-2124 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing" . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 33 (2024) : 2113-2124 . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming , Deng, Tingting , Zhang, Xiangkai , Lu, Yuemei et al. Microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion melted 2205 duplex stainless steel using in-situ EBSD during uniaxial tensile testing . | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T , 2024 , 33 , 2113-2124 . |
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Abstract ：
Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit excellent strength and plasticity compatibility. In this study, in -situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to investigate the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 DSSs fabricated by LPBF with heat treatment at 1050 degrees C for 1 h, including strain distribution behavior and mechanism of stress concentration release. The results indicate that the initial deformation of LPBF samples is primarily concentrated in the austenite phase. As the tension progresses, austenite gradually transitioned to hard orientation, and the strain in austenite can pass through the phase boundary into the ferrite grain. To coordinate the deformation, ferrite transitioned to soft orientation through rotation towards the slip systems of {110}<- 111> and {1-21}<111>. The stress concentration in ferrite can be alleviated by forming dislocation walls and cells through planar and cross-slip dislocations. In contrast, the stress concentration in austenite can be released by stacking faults and deformation twins. Compared to the as -cast samples, the yield strength of LPBF samples is improved from 472 +/- 13 to 641 +/- 17 MPa due to fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening. This study offers guidance for further enhancing the strength and plasticity of materials prepared by LPBF.
Keyword ：
Deformation behavior Deformation behavior Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Microstructure evolution Microstructure evolution
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming et al. In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process [J]. | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2024 , 901 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process" . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 901 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Zhan, Xianming , Zhang, Xiangkai , Wu, Chaochao . In-situ EBSD study of the coordinated deformation behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion during the tensile process . | MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING , 2024 , 901 . |
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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of duplex stainless steel is a promising route to fabricate intricate parts with excellent mechanical properties. However, further understanding of build mechanisms is required to improve the process. This paper aims to better understand the influence of hatch distance on the densification behavior and figure out the correlation with microstructure and mechanical properties in LPBF of 2205 stainless steel. With the optimized laser power and scanning speed, the significant influence of hatch distance on the build quality is revealed. A hatch distance of 0.07 mm is selected for an even surface and dense part with a relative density of up to 99.13 %. The hatch distance has a crucial impact on the heat and mass transfer between tracks; hence, poor surface morphologies such as inter-track voids or swelling surfaces occur if an improper hatch distance is adopted. The optimal mechanical properties are also achieved. Specifically, the yield strength (0.2 YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) values are 896.8 MPa, 1035.13 MPa, and 15.34 %, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties can be ascribed to the coordination between high dislocation density, fine grain size, high CSL boundaries and LAGBs, and high relative density with few pores. This work can help improve the build quality and expand the application horizon of duplex stainless steel for manufacturing intricate components.
Keyword ：
Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Laser powder bed fusion Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure Relative density Relative density Surface morphology Surface morphology
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Wu, Chaochao et al. Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion [J]. | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 172 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion" . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 172 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Wu, Chaochao , Huangfu, Chengyang , Lu, Yanjin . Tuning hatch distance to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion . | OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 172 . |
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MC -type carbide -reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) coatings are additively manufactured by plasma transferred arc (PTA) on Q235 steel under different arc currents ranging from 120 A to 160 A. The microstructure, elemental distribution, hardness, and wear resistance of MMCs coatings are studied. The results show that the MMCs coating possesses a high hardness up to 1112.1 HV 1.0 , 30.3 % volume fraction of carbides, and excellent wear resistance when PTA main arc current is 140 A. The mechanical performance improvement is in that the MMCs coatings manufactured at 140 A have the highest density of finer fishbone-shaped carbides and favorable size uniformity, compared with other main arc currents.
Keyword ：
Additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing Coating Coating Metal matrix composite Metal matrix composite Plasma transferred arc Plasma transferred arc Wear Wear
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Shang , Zhou, Chuhao , Li, Beibei et al. Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating [J]. | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 363 . |
| MLA | Li, Shang et al. "Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating" . | MATERIALS LETTERS 363 (2024) . |
| APA | Li, Shang , Zhou, Chuhao , Li, Beibei , Dong, Xuanpu , Xiang, Hongliang , Qin, Shiying et al. Effect of plasma transferred arc current on the carbide formation and mechanical properties in additively manufactured metal matrix composite coating . | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 363 . |
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Ti-steel laminated metal composites have been widely used in shipbuilding and the chemical industry due to the superior corrosion resistance of Ti and the favorable mechanical properties of stainless steel. In this paper, Tisteel laminated metal composites without Ti-Fe IMCs have been fabricated by directed energy deposition-arc method using a Cu-Ni transition interlayer. Based on the analysis of microstructure analysis, the crosssectional microstructure can be divided into 304SS / Cu-Ni interface containing (Fe, Cr) and (Cu) solid solution, Cu-Ni deposition layer containing (Fe, Cr) and (Cu) solid solution, and TA2/Cu-Ni interface containing Ti2FeCu and Ti-Cu IMCs. Besides, the Cu-Ni deposition layer contains a small content of recrystallized grains with {100}<100> texture and a large content of deformed grains with{100}<110> texture due to the impact of arc and droplets during continuous depositions. Furthermore, the peak hardness is decreased to 518 Hv and the mean value of compressive shear strength is enhanced to 195.27 MPa, which can be attributed to the elimination of interfacial Ti-Fe IMCs, defect-free microstructure, and residual stress relief. Based on polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the corrosion resistance reduction of the cross-section is due to the formation of a mass of primary battery systems. Furthermore, based on the thermodynamics calculation of Fe-CuNi, Ti-Fe-Cu, and Ti-Ni-Cu ternary systems, the alloying mechanism is that Ti-based IMCs with lower Gibbs free energy will be formed instead of brittle Ti-Fe IMCs, resulting in the elimination of Ti-Fe IMCs and the formation of less brittle phases at both 304SS / Cu-Ni interface and TA2 / Cu-Ni interface.
Keyword ：
Additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing Interfacial alloying Interfacial alloying Laminated metal composite Laminated metal composite Mechanical property Mechanical property Microstructure Microstructure
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| GB/T 7714 | Mou, Gang , Sheng, Haiyang , Zheng, Kaikui et al. Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer [J]. | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2024 , 1010 . |
| MLA | Mou, Gang et al. "Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer" . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 1010 (2024) . |
| APA | Mou, Gang , Sheng, Haiyang , Zheng, Kaikui , Xiang, Hongliang , Ren, Wenjie , Ding, Yuhan . Dual-interfacial alloying mechanism in Ti-steel laminated metal composite fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition using a Cu-Ni interlayer . | JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS , 2024 , 1010 . |
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A systematic study on the densification behavior and build quality of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was performed by experiment and simulation, aiming to offer some supplementary work for research on additive manufacturing (AM) of duplex stainless steel. In this study, samples with differing laser powers were prepared, and a highest relative density of 98.87% was obtained. Then, the pore defects and surface morphologies were investigated to unveil densification behaviors during a building process. The relationship between surface morphologies and the formation of pores was discussed. It reveals that the inter-layer printing on these surface defects caused by unreasonable laser power could increase the possibility of inside pore defects and reduce the density of specimens. Particularly, the big spatters could be the cause of lack-of-fusion defects even under sufficient power input. Therefore, adequate intra- and inter-layer bonding under reasonable processing parameters is crucial for densification. The mechanical properties of the specimens prepared with the laser power of 260 W are the highest, and the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation are 798.68 MPa, 953.63 MPa, and 10.85%, respectively.
Keyword ：
2205 duplex stainless steel 2205 duplex stainless steel build quality build quality densification behavior densification behavior laser powder bed fusion laser powder bed fusion surface quality surface quality
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| GB/T 7714 | Xiang, Hongliang , Chen, Guanglei , Zhao, Wei et al. Densification Behavior and Build Quality of Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion [J]. | METALS , 2023 , 13 (4) . |
| MLA | Xiang, Hongliang et al. "Densification Behavior and Build Quality of Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion" . | METALS 13 . 4 (2023) . |
| APA | Xiang, Hongliang , Chen, Guanglei , Zhao, Wei , Wu, Chaochao . Densification Behavior and Build Quality of Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion . | METALS , 2023 , 13 (4) . |
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Specimens of duplex stainless steel (DSS) fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) exhibit excellent strength but poor plasticity, which has limited their applications. To improve the plasticity and to achieve a strengthplasticity matching, the effect of the laser scanning speed on the density, phase, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 2205 DSS specimens fabricated via SLM is investigated. The results reveal that the molten metal is solidified according to the kinetic sequence L -> delta + L -> delta -> delta + gamma for the SLM forming process, and the sample is completely composed of the ferrite phase. The content of austenite cannot be effectively enhanced by a change in the laser scanning speed. The mechanical properties of the samples are primarily affected by the presence of pores. A scanning speed of S700 (700 mm/s) results in the formation of fewer pores, which gives rise to a high yield strength of 896.80 MPa but a poor plasticity of 15.34 %. Decreasing the scanning speed to below 700 mm/s reduces the yield strength, but it also significantly increases the elongation. The elongation of the specimens fabricated using a laser scanning speed of 500 mm/s increases to 23.09 %, and they exhibit excellent strengthplasticity matching. This increased elongation at lower scanning speeds is attributed to higher density, lower dislocation density, decreased number of grain boundaries and the higher proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of the specimens. Therefore, a significant decrease in the scanning speed can improve the plasticity of the specimens fabricated by the SLM method. By changing the laser scanning speed, the density, microstructure and mechanical properties can be optimized to further improve the plasticity of the specimens.
Keyword ：
Densification Densification Duplex stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Laser scanning speed Laser scanning speed Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Microstructure Microstructure Selective laser melting Selective laser melting
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Yu, Rongxin et al. Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting [J]. | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2023 , 94 : 1-9 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting" . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 94 (2023) : 1-9 . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Xiang, Hongliang , Yu, Rongxin , Mou, Gang . Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2023 , 94 , 1-9 . |
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