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学者姓名：鄢忠森
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Abstract ：
The membrane electrochemical reactor (MER), integrating oxidation, softening, and acidification within a single system, has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating membrane fouling during leachate treatment. However, the specific contributions of oxidation, softening, and acidification in the MER, along with their synergistic effects on membrane fouling control, remain inadequately understood. In this study, leachate was regulated with different MER-related strategies before membrane distillation treatment, and Differential logtransformed absorbance spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Derjaguin-Landau-VerweyOverbeek theory were employed to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. The results indicates that oxidation effectively removed the organic matter, thereby mitigating the hydrophobic interactions between the membrane and foulant. However, it also promoted the deprotonation of carboxyl groups in organic matter, such as polysaccharides and proteins, enhancing the complexation of multivalent cations. Acidification and softening reduced organic-inorganic complexation fouling by inhibiting carboxylate deprotonation and reducing Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, respectively. These processes counteracted the adverse effects of oxidation while further mitigating organic fouling and inorganic scaling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of oxidation, softening, and acidification effectively prevented foulants from entering membrane pores and enhanced wetting resistance. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of combining oxidation, softening, and acidification while elucidating their mechanisms in mitigating membrane fouling.
Keyword ：
Landfill leachate Landfill leachate Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling pretreatment pretreatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi et al. Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 361 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi , Qu, Dan , Xu, Kaiqin , Qu, Fangshu . Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
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Abstract ：
Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of hazardous pollutants that require effective treatment before discharge. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising approach for leachate treatment, but membrane fouling remains a major challenge for its practical application. This study introduces an innovative in situ catalytic MD membrane to improve antifouling performance. The MnO2-doped polyvinylidene fluoride (M-PVDF) membrane was prepared via electrospinning, incorporating an optimized amount of MnO2 and fluoroalkyl modifier. The M-PVDF membrane demonstrated excellent retention of landfill leachate pollutants across all test cycles, achieving retention rates above 99.23% for non-ammonia foulants. No membrane wetting was observed in M-PVDF during the cyclic tests, whereas conventional PVDF membranes exhibited wetting in the third cycle. The fouled M-PVDF membrane was effectively restored after cleaning with H2O2, regaining its original flux and demonstrating robust self-cleaning capabilities. This performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of micro-nano bubbles and MnO2-catalyzed H2O2 free radicals. The proposed in situ catalytic self-cleaning strategy significantly enhances the antifouling properties of MD, providing a sustainable solution for high-salinity wastewater treatment.
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan , Jiang, Yuling , Chang, Haiqing , Jin, Juxiang et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 . |
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Although electrooxidation can remove refractory organics, a significant amount of energy is required for non-selective oxidation, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) contributes little to the process. In this study, the conventional electrolytic bubbles were enhanced to improve the performance of organic matter removal. Using humic acid as a model recalcitrant organic pollutant, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was designed to separate mixed bubbles (e.g., H-2 and O-2) produced during electrooxidation with a diaphragm, thereby dividing the individual MER O-2 and MER H-2. The bubbles stability of MER O-2 was higher than that of conventional electrooxidation and aeration, which facilitated the removal of humic acid. Surfactants with different electrical characteristics were further used to enhance the interaction between the bubbles and humic acid. After the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB 80 mg/L), the positive charge of the MER O-2 bubbles intensified, inducing the removal of 92.8 % humic acid (250 mg/L) with an oxidation rate <3.7 %. Moreover, CTAB could be reused after foam fractionation. Using zeta potential distribution theory, the initial electrical properties of MER O-2 (+) and MER H-2 (-) were clarified, as well as the charge intensification by CTAB on MER O-2 bubbles. Besides, the acidification by MER imparted initial electrical properties to the bubbles and led to the aggregation of humic acid, and the humic acid adhering to the bubbles further isolated the merging of the bubbles. The application of enhanced electrolytic bubbles offers a novel approach to reducing energy consumption in humic acid removal via electrooxidation systems.
Keyword ：
Acidification Acidification Electrolytic bubble Electrolytic bubble Electrooxidation Electrooxidation Humic acid Humic acid Surfactant Surfactant
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal" . | WATER RESEARCH 281 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong , Qu, Fangshu , Qu, Dan , Chang, Haiqing et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
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Membrane distillation (MD), boasting high interception efficiency and low operational pressures, emerges as an innovative membrane technology. However, the occurrence of membrane fouling due to interaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and inorganic ions during the MD process curtails water purification efficiency, thereby constraining its potential applications. To address this quandary, this study integrates sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) into MD technology to bolster membrane fouling control. A straightforward hydrothermal method coupled with vacuum filtration was employed to synthesize a Co3O4/Nitrogen-modified carbon quantum dots (NCDs)/PVDF (CN-PVDF) membrane for the first time, which was utilized in the MD treatment of simulated humic acid (HA) wastewater. Under visible light irradiation (1.9 kW/m2), CN-PVDF membrane activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) effectively altered the chemical attributes of the MD feed solution and reduced organic matter concentration. Moreover, it dismantled the carboxyl sites on HA that interact with Ca2+, consequently attenuating the formation of organic–inorganic complex pollutants. The XDLVO analysis showcased that photo-Fenton oxidation led to a diminishment in pollutant hydrophobicity, correlating with a 17.59 kT reduction in pollutant-membrane adsorption and a 7.47 kT amplification in adhesion barriers. This strategy transformed the initial two-stage fouling mode into a singular one, which significantly decreased the flux decline and the fouling layer thickness. Furthermore, the CN-PVDF membrane demonstrated self-cleaning capabilities via photo-Fenton. This study advances an innovative approach to bolster the fouling resistance of MD membranes and provides substantial theoretical support for the integration of SR-AOPs and MD technologies. © 2024
Keyword ：
Biogeochemistry Biogeochemistry Chemicals removal (water treatment) Chemicals removal (water treatment) Distillation Distillation Efficiency Efficiency Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Membrane technology Membrane technology Microfiltration Microfiltration Organic compounds Organic compounds Oxidation Oxidation Semiconductor quantum dots Semiconductor quantum dots Sulfur compounds Sulfur compounds Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Zhenyu , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing et al. New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation [J]. | Chemical Engineering Journal , 2024 , 492 . |
| MLA | Lu, Zhenyu et al. "New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation" . | Chemical Engineering Journal 492 (2024) . |
| APA | Lu, Zhenyu , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing , Wang, Qiankun , Liu, Fujian , Ni, Qichang et al. New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation . | Chemical Engineering Journal , 2024 , 492 . |
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Fouling of membranes continues to be a prominent challenge in the membrane distillation (MD) treatment of high salinity organic wastewater (HSOW). Although membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) can effectively inhibit the membrane fouling of MD, the high cost of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) used in MER limits its widespread application. In this study, cost-effective pressure-driven membranes were employed as a substitute for PEM to establish pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactors for HSOW pre-treatment. By using ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) and reverse osmosis membrane (ROM), UFMER and ROMER were developed, respectively. Due to the superior electrochemical performance of UFM, UFMER saved 43 % of energy compared to PEMER with the highest removal rate of organics (~85 %) in the simulated HSOW treatment. In practical applications, using UFMER significantly reduced the amount and size of complexes in the real nanofiltration concentrate (NC) of landfill leachate. This contributed to the superior specific flux maintenance (97 %) with a salt rejection (>99 %) and the highest recovered specific water flux (99.6 %) in MD cases. UFMER reduced ~27 % of energy compared to PEMER in MER pre-treatment, and saved the most energy (~39.6 %) in MD post-treatment. Hence, this strategy is potential for forthcoming applications, notably in lowering the membrane cost of MER and energy consumption of both MER and MD. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword ：
Cost effectiveness Cost effectiveness Distillation Distillation Energy utilization Energy utilization Leachate treatment Leachate treatment Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Membranes Membranes Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Reverse osmosis Reverse osmosis Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Xiaolei , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing et al. Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach [J]. | Desalination , 2024 , 582 . |
| MLA | Chen, Xiaolei et al. "Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach" . | Desalination 582 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Xiaolei , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing , Wang, Qiankun , Fan, Gongduan , Ye, Jinghan et al. Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach . | Desalination , 2024 , 582 . |
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Membrane distillation technology, utilized for treating hypersaline wastewater from seawater desalination, often encounters challenges related to inorganic scaling, adversely affecting membrane performance. Herein, we introduce a innovative approach employing a sacrificial layer on the surface of Thin Film Composite (TFC) membranes to concurrently enhance inorganic scaling resistance and facilitate membrane reusability. The sacrificial layer (Fe3+-TA) consisted of tannic acid (TA) complexed with iron ions (Fe3+) and could be removed and regenerated in situ. The results demonstrated that the Fe3+-TA layer significantly improved the membrane's surface smoothness and densification, maintaining superior anti-scaling performance. The modified membrane exhibited remarkable durability, sustaining six reuse cycles with a flux recovery exceeding 97 % in gypsum scaling tests. Furthermore, the formation of new complexes during gypsum scaling tests confirmed the membrane's augmented scaling retardation capabilities. Thus, integrating of a sacrificial layer into TFC membranes presents a promising strategy for advancing membrane distillation processes in hypersaline wastewater treatment. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword ：
Anti-scaling Anti-scaling Inorganic scaling Inorganic scaling Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Reuse Reuse Sacrificial protective layer Sacrificial protective layer
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Z. , Lin, S. , Chang, H. et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation [J]. | Journal of Membrane Science , 2024 , 710 . |
| MLA | Yan, Z. et al. "Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation" . | Journal of Membrane Science 710 (2024) . |
| APA | Yan, Z. , Lin, S. , Chang, H. , Xu, J. , Dai, W. , Qu, D. et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation . | Journal of Membrane Science , 2024 , 710 . |
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Membrane distillation (MD) offers promise for recycling shale gas produced water (SGPW), while membrane fouling is still a major obstacle in standalone MD. Herein, sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation was proposed as MD pretreatment, and the performance of the single MD, SPC-MD hybrid process and Fe(II)/SPC-MD hybrid process for SGPW treatment were systematically evaluated. Results showed that compared to raw SGPW, the application of SPC and Fe(II)/SPC led to the decrease of the fluorescent organics by 28.54 % and 54.52 %, respectively. The hydrophobic fraction decreased from 52.75 % in raw SGPW to 37.70 % and 27.20 % for SPC and Fe(II)/SPC, respectively, and the MD normalized flux increased from 0.19 in treating raw SGPW to 0.65 and 0.81, respectively. The superiority of SPC oxidation in reducing the deposited membrane foulants and restoring membrane properties was further confirmed through scanning electron microscopy observation, attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared, water contact angle and surface tension analyses of fouled membranes. Correlation analysis revealed that hydrophobic/hydrophilic matters and fluorescent organics in SGPW took a crucial role in MD fouling. The mechanism of MD fouling mitigation by Fe(II)/SPC oxidation was attributed to the decrease in concentrations and hydrophobicity of organic by synergistic oxidation, coagulation and adsorption. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keyword ：
Fe(II) Fe(II) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation Sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, S. , Qu, F. , Qu, D. et al. Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water [J]. | Water Research , 2024 , 262 . |
| MLA | Gu, S. et al. "Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water" . | Water Research 262 (2024) . |
| APA | Gu, S. , Qu, F. , Qu, D. , Yan, Z. , Meng, Y. , Liang, Y. et al. Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water . | Water Research , 2024 , 262 . |
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It is a great challenge for effective treatment of shale gas produced water (SGPW), a typical industrial wastewater with complex composition. Single forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD) process has been widely used for desalination of SGPW, with membrane fouling not well addressed. Fertilizer draw solution (DS) with high osmotic pressure is less likely to cause FO fouling and can be used for irrigation. An integrated process using fertilizer-driven FO (FDFO) and MD process was proposed for the first time for SGPW treatment, and characteristics of fertilizer DS and powdered activated carbon (PAC) enhancement were assessed. The DS using KCl and (NH4)2SO4 had high MD fluxes (36.8–38.8 L/(m2·h)) and low permeate conductivity (below 50 μS/cm), increasing the contact angle of the MD membrane by 113 % than that without FO, while the DS using MgCl2 and NH4H2PO4 produced a lower reverse salt flux (0.9–3.2 g/(m2·h)). When diluted DS was treated using PAC, the MD permeate conductivity was further reduced to 35 μS/cm without ammonia, and the membrane hydrophobicity was maintained to 71–83 % of the original. The mechanism of the FDFO-MD integrated process for mitigating MD fouling and improving permeate quality was analyzed, providing guidance for efficient SGPW treatment. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keyword ：
Draw solution (DS) Draw solution (DS) Fertilizer Fertilizer Forward osmosis (FO) Forward osmosis (FO) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW)
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang, H. , Ma, Z. , Qu, D. et al. Fertilizer-driven FO and MD integrated process for shale gas produced water treatment: Draw solution evaluation and PAC enhancement [J]. | Water Research , 2024 , 266 . |
| MLA | Chang, H. et al. "Fertilizer-driven FO and MD integrated process for shale gas produced water treatment: Draw solution evaluation and PAC enhancement" . | Water Research 266 (2024) . |
| APA | Chang, H. , Ma, Z. , Qu, D. , Yan, Z. , Liang, Y. , Meng, Y. et al. Fertilizer-driven FO and MD integrated process for shale gas produced water treatment: Draw solution evaluation and PAC enhancement . | Water Research , 2024 , 266 . |
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Substantial volumes of hazardous shale gas produced water (SGPW) generated in unconventional natural gas exploration. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising approach for SGPW desalination, while membrane fouling, wetting, and permeate deterioration restrict MD application. The integration of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) with MD process was proposed to improve MD performance, and different pretreatment methods (i.e., oxidation, coagulation, and granular filtration) were systematically investigated. Results showed that pretreatment released GDM fouling and improved permeate quality by enrich certain microbes’ community (e.g., Proteobacteria and Nitrosomonadaceae), greatly ensured the efficient desalination of MD. Pretreatment greatly influences GDM fouling layer morphology, leading to different flux performance. Thick/rough/hydrophilic fouling layer formed after coagulation, and thin/loose fouling layer formed after silica sand filtration improved GDM flux by 2.92 and 1.9 times, respectively. Moreover, the beneficial utilization of adsorption-biodegradation effects significantly enhanced GDM permeate quality. 100 % of ammonia and 53.99 % of UV254 were efficiently removed after zeolite filtration-GDM and granular activated carbon filtration-GDM, respectively. Compared to the surged conductivity (41.29 μS/cm) and severe flux decline (>82 %) under water recovery rate of 75 % observed in single MD for SGPW treatment, GDM economically controlled permeate conductivity (1.39-19.9 μS/cm) and MD fouling (flux decline=8.3 %-27.5 %). Exploring the mechanisms, the GDM-MD process has similarity with Janus MD membrane in SGPW treatment, significantly reduced MD fouling and wetting. © 2024
Keyword ：
Coagulation Coagulation Granular filtration Granular filtration Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Oxidation Oxidation Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW)
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Z. , Wang, J. , Yan, Z. et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment [J]. | Water Research , 2024 , 266 . |
| MLA | Ji, Z. et al. "Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment" . | Water Research 266 (2024) . |
| APA | Ji, Z. , Wang, J. , Yan, Z. , Liu, C. , Liu, Z. , Chang, H. et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment . | Water Research , 2024 , 266 . |
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Abstract ：
Substantial volumes of hazardous shale gas produced water (SGPW) generated in unconventional natural gas exploration. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising approach for SGPW desalination, while membrane fouling, wetting, and permeate deterioration restrict MD application. The integration of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) with MD process was proposed to improve MD performance, and different pretreatment methods (i. e., oxidation, coagulation, and granular filtration) were systematically investigated. Results showed that pretreatment released GDM fouling and improved permeate quality by enrich certain microbes' community (e.g., Proteobacteria and Nitrosomonadaceae), greatly ensured the efficient desalination of MD. Pretreatment greatly influences GDM fouling layer morphology, leading to different flux performance. Thick/rough/hydrophilic fouling layer formed after coagulation, and thin/loose fouling layer formed after silica sand filtration improved GDM flux by 2.92 and 1.9 times, respectively. Moreover, the beneficial utilization of adsorption-biodegradation effects significantly enhanced GDM permeate quality. 100 % of ammonia and 53.99 % of UV254 were efficiently removed after zeolite filtration-GDM and granular activated carbon filtration-GDM, respectively. Compared to the surged conductivity (41.29 mu S/cm) and severe flux decline (>82 %) under water recovery rate of 75 % observed in single MD for SGPW treatment, GDM economically controlled permeate conductivity (1.39-19.9 mu S/ cm) and MD fouling (flux decline=8.3 %-27.5 %). Exploring the mechanisms, the GDM-MD process has similarity with Janus MD membrane in SGPW treatment, significantly reduced MD fouling and wetting.
Keyword ：
Coagulation Coagulation Granular filtration Granular filtration Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Oxidation Oxidation Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW)
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Zhengxuan , Wang, Jiaxuan , Yan, Zhongsen et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 266 . |
| MLA | Ji, Zhengxuan et al. "Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment" . | WATER RESEARCH 266 (2024) . |
| APA | Ji, Zhengxuan , Wang, Jiaxuan , Yan, Zhongsen , Liu, Caihong , Liu, Zhe , Chang, Haiqing et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 266 . |
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