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学者姓名：鄢忠森
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Abstract ：
Membrane scaling and subsequent membrane wetting pose significant impediments to the application of membrane distillation (MD) in treating high-salinity wastewater. This study introduces an innovative in-situ bubble cleaning strategy for the amelioration of membrane scaling in MD processes. A catalytic membrane was fabricated by introducing MnO2 as a catalyst by electrospinning and the self-cleaning mechanism involving micro-nano bubbles and superhydrophobic surface was systematically investigated. Results showed that the fabricated MnO2/PVDF nanofiber membranes (M-FMP) showed superhydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle and rolling angle of 158 degrees and 17 degrees, which significantly improved the membrane's resistance to wetting and fouling. The M-FMP membrane exhibited exceptional performance across ten experimental cycles, achieving a flux recovery rate of over 92 % and demonstrating robust chemical stability following repeated cleanings with 0.006 wt% H2O2. Notably, CaSO4 deposition on the M-FMP membrane was approximately 46.0 mu g/cm2, accounting for only 14.6 % of the deposition observed on the M-P electrospun membrane. The in-situ cleaning process leveraging micro-nano bubbles proved to be significantly more effective than conventional ex-situ cleaning methods, offering superior performance in removing scale deposits. Overall, this pioneering insitu catalytic self-cleaning approach offers a new option for controlling MD membrane scaling.
Keyword ：
H2O2-MnO2 H2O2-MnO2 In-situ self-cleaning In-situ self-cleaning Micro-nano bubbles Micro-nano bubbles Superhydrophobic Superhydrophobic
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Zhang, Ziyue , Huang, Yaman et al. In-situ air bubble for efficient membrane scaling cleaning with a catalytic nanofiber membrane in membrane distillation [J]. | DESALINATION , 2025 , 597 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "In-situ air bubble for efficient membrane scaling cleaning with a catalytic nanofiber membrane in membrane distillation" . | DESALINATION 597 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Zhang, Ziyue , Huang, Yaman , Chang, Haiqing , Qu, Dan , Jiang, Yuling et al. In-situ air bubble for efficient membrane scaling cleaning with a catalytic nanofiber membrane in membrane distillation . | DESALINATION , 2025 , 597 . |
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Mineral scaling and scaling-induced wetting are critical issues in membrane distillation (MD) during treatment of saline wastewaters. Gypsum scaling and scaling-induced wetting in MD were successfully regulated by heterogeneous crystallization with in-line granular filtration in this study. Stable water recovery increased from 32.5 % to more than 52.5 % in one-cycle operation, depending on filter media properties. Because a large mass of crystals were retained or/and adsorbed in the granular filter, the scaling mass on membrane surface was reduced by 41.2 %, 23.1 %, 54.7 % and 78.1 % by filter charged with activated carbon, sand, fiber and activated alumina, respectively. When activated carbon, sand, fiber and activated alumina were used, the final MD fluxes were 1.58, 1.04, 1.96 and 3.43 times that without filter, and permeate conductivity decreased by 43.0 %, 46.8 %, 83.2 % and 81.3 %, respectively. The multi-cycle tests showed that heterogeneous crystallization gradually occurred in the granular filter, thereby promoting seeding-induced crystallization that reduced gypsum scaling and scalinginduced wetting in MD. Excellent anti-scaling and anti-wetting performance of in-line granular filtration was also confirmed for synthetic and real industrial wastewater. The results of this study provide guidance for mineral scaling control in MD to allow resource utilization for saline wastewater.
Keyword ：
Gypsum scaling Gypsum scaling In-line granular filtration In-line granular filtration Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Saline wastewater Saline wastewater Scaling-induced wetting Scaling-induced wetting
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang, Haiqing , Ma, Zeren , Zhao, Huaxin et al. Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 274 . |
| MLA | Chang, Haiqing et al. "Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media" . | WATER RESEARCH 274 (2025) . |
| APA | Chang, Haiqing , Ma, Zeren , Zhao, Huaxin , Qu, Dan , Liu, Caihong , Yan, Zhongsen et al. Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 274 . |
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Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of hazardous pollutants that require effective treatment before discharge. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising approach for leachate treatment, but membrane fouling remains a major challenge for its practical application. This study introduces an innovative in situ catalytic MD membrane to improve antifouling performance. The MnO2-doped polyvinylidene fluoride (M-PVDF) membrane was prepared via electrospinning, incorporating an optimized amount of MnO2 and fluoroalkyl modifier. The M-PVDF membrane demonstrated excellent retention of landfill leachate pollutants across all test cycles, achieving retention rates above 99.23% for non-ammonia foulants. No membrane wetting was observed in M-PVDF during the cyclic tests, whereas conventional PVDF membranes exhibited wetting in the third cycle. The fouled M-PVDF membrane was effectively restored after cleaning with H2O2, regaining its original flux and demonstrating robust self-cleaning capabilities. This performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of micro-nano bubbles and MnO2-catalyzed H2O2 free radicals. The proposed in situ catalytic self-cleaning strategy significantly enhances the antifouling properties of MD, providing a sustainable solution for high-salinity wastewater treatment.
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 11 (5) : 1313-1324 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 11 . 5 (2025) : 1313-1324 . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan , Jiang, Yuling , Chang, Haiqing , Jin, Juxiang et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 11 (5) , 1313-1324 . |
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Humic acid (HA), a widely prevalent natural organic matter in aquatic environments, poses serious health risks due to its potential to form carcinogenic by-products during water treatment. While the photo-Fenton process can be employed for HA degradation, its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor catalytic performance of conventional catalysts. In this study, Co3O4 was modified with nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) and immobilized on a PVDF membrane. Compared with Co3O4/PVDF, Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF system achieved 85.1 % HA removal and 66 % mineralization within 60 min through photocatalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation as well as showed excellent stability in cycle experiments. The incorporation of NCDs enhanced the synergistic effect between light and PMS, improved light absorption due to the narrowed bandgap of Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF, and played a significant role in generating the primary reactive species, 1O2. Additionally, Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF effectively controlled Co ions leaching. Finally, the degradation intermediates were identified, and the degradation pathways were proposed. The photo-Fenton degradation of HA preferentially broke unsaturated bonds and degraded aromatic ring compounds. The Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF photo-Fenton catalytic system serves as an effective approach for boosting the efficiency of photo-Fenton degradation.
Keyword ：
Carbon quantum dots Carbon quantum dots Humic acid Humic acid Peroxymonosulfate activation Peroxymonosulfate activation Photocatalysis Photocatalysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Liu, Guohui et al. Enhanced degradation of humic acid by Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF photo-Fenton catalytic system [J]. | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION , 2025 , 198 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Enhanced degradation of humic acid by Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF photo-Fenton catalytic system" . | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 198 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Liu, Guohui , Lu, Zhenyu , Chang, Haiqing , Jin, Juxiang et al. Enhanced degradation of humic acid by Co3O4/NCDs/PVDF photo-Fenton catalytic system . | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION , 2025 , 198 . |
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Although Janus membranes have shown excellent anti-wetting and fouling-resistant properties in membrane distillation (MD), the associated heat and mass transfer mechanisms remain insufficiently understood, particularly concerning the trade-off between fouling resistance and permeate flux. In this study, a Janus membrane was fabricated by depositing a polyamide (PA) layer onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate to form a PA/PVDF composite. To elucidate the mass transfer behavior, an enhanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, considering the effects of membrane material and surface temperature on evaporation enthalpy, was developed to simulate MD performance using both PA/PVDF and pristine PVDF membranes. When assuming a constant evaporation enthalpy of free water (FW) (2.44 MJ·kg−1), the modeled and experimental fluxes matched closely for the PVDF membrane, while a flux deviation exceeding 10 % was observed for the PA/PVDF membrane. Accounting for the membrane-specific evaporation enthalpy reduced the deviation to 0.59 %, emphasizing its critical role in flux prediction. These results highlight the importance of incorporating membrane-dependent thermodynamic properties to improve MD modeling accuracy and guide the rational design of Janus membranes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword ：
Computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics Distillation Distillation Economic and social effects Economic and social effects Evaporation Evaporation Fluorine compounds Fluorine compounds Forecasting Forecasting Heat flux Heat flux Heat resistance Heat resistance Mass transfer Mass transfer Membranes Membranes Nafion membranes Nafion membranes Wetting Wetting
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaocui , Yang, Qizhen et al. Improving MD flux prediction in Janus membranes: The critical role of membrane-specific evaporation enthalpy in CFD modeling [J]. | Desalination , 2025 , 615 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Improving MD flux prediction in Janus membranes: The critical role of membrane-specific evaporation enthalpy in CFD modeling" . | Desalination 615 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaocui , Yang, Qizhen , Zhou, Shuhui , Fan, Gongduan , Chang, Haiqing et al. Improving MD flux prediction in Janus membranes: The critical role of membrane-specific evaporation enthalpy in CFD modeling . | Desalination , 2025 , 615 . |
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Although electrooxidation can remove refractory organics, a significant amount of energy is required for non-selective oxidation, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) contributes little to the process. In this study, the conventional electrolytic bubbles were enhanced to improve the performance of organic matter removal. Using humic acid as a model recalcitrant organic pollutant, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was designed to separate mixed bubbles (e.g., H-2 and O-2) produced during electrooxidation with a diaphragm, thereby dividing the individual MER O-2 and MER H-2. The bubbles stability of MER O-2 was higher than that of conventional electrooxidation and aeration, which facilitated the removal of humic acid. Surfactants with different electrical characteristics were further used to enhance the interaction between the bubbles and humic acid. After the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB 80 mg/L), the positive charge of the MER O-2 bubbles intensified, inducing the removal of 92.8 % humic acid (250 mg/L) with an oxidation rate <3.7 %. Moreover, CTAB could be reused after foam fractionation. Using zeta potential distribution theory, the initial electrical properties of MER O-2 (+) and MER H-2 (-) were clarified, as well as the charge intensification by CTAB on MER O-2 bubbles. Besides, the acidification by MER imparted initial electrical properties to the bubbles and led to the aggregation of humic acid, and the humic acid adhering to the bubbles further isolated the merging of the bubbles. The application of enhanced electrolytic bubbles offers a novel approach to reducing energy consumption in humic acid removal via electrooxidation systems.
Keyword ：
Acidification Acidification Electrolytic bubble Electrolytic bubble Electrooxidation Electrooxidation Humic acid Humic acid Surfactant Surfactant
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal" . | WATER RESEARCH 281 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong , Qu, Fangshu , Qu, Dan , Chang, Haiqing et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
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The membrane electrochemical reactor (MER), integrating oxidation, softening, and acidification within a single system, has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating membrane fouling during leachate treatment. However, the specific contributions of oxidation, softening, and acidification in the MER, along with their synergistic effects on membrane fouling control, remain inadequately understood. In this study, leachate was regulated with different MER-related strategies before membrane distillation treatment, and Differential logtransformed absorbance spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Derjaguin-Landau-VerweyOverbeek theory were employed to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. The results indicates that oxidation effectively removed the organic matter, thereby mitigating the hydrophobic interactions between the membrane and foulant. However, it also promoted the deprotonation of carboxyl groups in organic matter, such as polysaccharides and proteins, enhancing the complexation of multivalent cations. Acidification and softening reduced organic-inorganic complexation fouling by inhibiting carboxylate deprotonation and reducing Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, respectively. These processes counteracted the adverse effects of oxidation while further mitigating organic fouling and inorganic scaling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of oxidation, softening, and acidification effectively prevented foulants from entering membrane pores and enhanced wetting resistance. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of combining oxidation, softening, and acidification while elucidating their mechanisms in mitigating membrane fouling.
Keyword ：
Landfill leachate Landfill leachate Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling pretreatment pretreatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi et al. Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 361 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi , Qu, Dan , Xu, Kaiqin , Qu, Fangshu . Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
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Mineral scaling and scaling induced wetting remain the primary bottlenecks for membrane distillation (MD) during saline wastewater treatment. The in-line granular filtration using modified activated alumina (MAA) was effective in mitigating MD scaling, while the accurate design of filter media properties would benefit this technology in long-term operation. This study focused on the mechanism of mitigation of gypsum-organic combined fouling in MD by mixed filter media (MAA and granular activated carbon, sand, zeolite or fiber). The normalized MD flux was <0.20 using single MAA within 3-cycle, while superior performance was observed for the mixture of MAA and fiber, with a final normalized flux of 0.80 and conductivity of 1.20 mu S/cm over 4 cycles. In the MAA-fiber mixed filter media, humic acid removal increased from 81 % (1.87 mg/L) to >93 % (0.63 mg/L), and the captured foulant weight reached 204 % from 962.2 mg, with turbidity <10 NTU, compared to single MAA. These optimized media resulted in the lowest membrane foulant weight (5.3 mg), the highest liquid entry pressure (164 kPa) and the best hydrophobicity (contact angle =118.5 degrees). Adsorption, interception and crystallization occurred in MAA-fiber mixed media, and superior anti-scaling performance during long-term operation in MD was obtained, paving the way for saline wastewater desalination.
Keyword ：
Foulant capture mechanism Foulant capture mechanism In-line granular filtration In-line granular filtration Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Mixed filter media Mixed filter media Scaling induced wetting Scaling induced wetting
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Pengwei , Zhu, Yingyuan , Liang, Ying et al. Mitigation of combined fouling by gypsum and humic acid in membrane distillation via synergistic foulant capture mechanism [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 287 . |
| MLA | Ji, Pengwei et al. "Mitigation of combined fouling by gypsum and humic acid in membrane distillation via synergistic foulant capture mechanism" . | WATER RESEARCH 287 (2025) . |
| APA | Ji, Pengwei , Zhu, Yingyuan , Liang, Ying , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing , Qu, Fangshu . Mitigation of combined fouling by gypsum and humic acid in membrane distillation via synergistic foulant capture mechanism . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 287 . |
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Membrane distillation technology, utilized for treating hypersaline wastewater from seawater desalination, often encounters challenges related to inorganic scaling, adversely affecting membrane performance. Herein, we introduce a innovative approach employing a sacrificial layer on the surface of Thin Film Composite (TFC) membranes to concurrently enhance inorganic scaling resistance and facilitate membrane reusability. The sacrificial layer (Fe3+-TA) 3 +-TA) consisted of tannic acid (TA) complexed with iron ions (Fe3+) 3 + ) and could be removed and regenerated in situ. The results demonstrated that the Fe3+-TA 3 +-TA layer significantly improved the membrane's surface smoothness and densification, maintaining superior anti-scaling performance. The modified membrane exhibited remarkable durability, sustaining six reuse cycles with a flux recovery exceeding 97 % in gypsum scaling tests. Furthermore, the formation of new complexes during gypsum scaling tests confirmed the membrane's augmented scaling retardation capabilities. Thus, integrating of a sacrificial layer into TFC membranes presents a promising strategy for advancing membrane distillation processes in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Anti-scaling Anti-scaling Inorganic scaling Inorganic scaling Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Reuse Reuse Sacrificial protective layer Sacrificial protective layer
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Lin, Sufen , Chang, Haiqing et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation [J]. | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE , 2024 , 710 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation" . | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 710 (2024) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Lin, Sufen , Chang, Haiqing , Xu, Junge , Dai, Wenxin , Qu, Dan et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation . | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE , 2024 , 710 . |
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Membrane distillation (MD), boasting high interception efficiency and low operational pressures, emerges as an innovative membrane technology. However, the occurrence of membrane fouling due to interaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and inorganic ions during the MD process curtails water purification efficiency, thereby constraining its potential applications. To address this quandary, this study integrates sulfate radicalbased advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) into MD technology to bolster membrane fouling control. A straightforward hydrothermal method coupled with vacuum filtration was employed to synthesize a Co3O4/ Nitrogen-modified carbon quantum dots (NCDs)/PVDF (CN-PVDF) membrane for the first time, which was utilized in the MD treatment of simulated humic acid (HA) wastewater. Under visible light irradiation (1.9 kW/ m2), CN-PVDF membrane activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) effectively altered the chemical attributes of the MD feed solution and reduced organic matter concentration. Moreover, it dismantled the carboxyl sites on HA that interact with Ca2+, consequently attenuating the formation of organic-inorganic complex pollutants. The XDLVO analysis showcased that photo-Fenton oxidation led to a diminishment in pollutant hydrophobicity, correlating with a 17.59 kT reduction in pollutant-membrane adsorption and a 7.47 kT amplification in adhesion barriers. This strategy transformed the initial two-stage fouling mode into a singular one, which significantly decreased the flux decline and the fouling layer thickness. Furthermore, the CN-PVDF membrane demonstrated self-cleaning capabilities via photo-Fenton. This study advances an innovative approach to bolster the fouling resistance of MD membranes and provides substantial theoretical support for the integration of SR-AOPs and MD technologies.
Keyword ：
control control Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Self-cleaning Self-cleaning
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Zhenyu , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing et al. New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 492 . |
| MLA | Lu, Zhenyu et al. "New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 492 (2024) . |
| APA | Lu, Zhenyu , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing , Wang, Qiankun , Liu, Fujian , Ni, Qichang et al. New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 492 . |
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