The　development　of　transportation　sector　promotes　China＇s　rapid　economic　growth,　but　also　brings　a　negative　impact　to　China＇s　society　and　environment　such　as　pollution　and　energy　waste.　However,　limited　attention　has　been　paid　to　China＇s　transportation　system,　especially　in　terms　of　transport　sustainability　evaluation　at　a　regional　level.　In　this　study,　we　first　propose　a　new　indicator　system　that　involves　systematic,　economic,　social　and　environmental　indicators　for　measuring　regional　transport　sustainability.　Then,　we　propose　an　improved　super-efficiency　slacks-based　measure　DEA　(SBM-DEA)　model　with　weighting　preference　to　evaluate　the　regional　transport　sustainability　efficiency.　An　empirical　application　to　measuring　transport　sustainability　in　Shaanxi　province,　China,　during　the　period　of　2000-2015　is　presented　to　show　the　effectiveness　of　the　proposed　model.　The　empirical　results　show　that　Shaanxi＇s　transport　sustainability　over　half　of　the　years　is　inefficient　and　its　main　reason　is　that　the　efficiency　of　environmental　and　social　dimensions　is　low.　Compared　the　result　with　that　obtained　by　the　SBM-DEA　model　without　weighting　preference,　the　number　of　effective　decision-making　units　is　reduced　by　the　proposed　DEA　model.　Computational　results　show　that　the　evaluation　result　is　generally　in　line　with　the　reality.　(c)　2019　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.