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To investigate the characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) of PM2.5 and aerosol acidity in a coastal city, 352 samples were collected at four sites representing four functional zones (FJ: living town; XY: industrial area; TZ: scenery areas; HR: harbor) in Xiamen, China in 2015-2016. Mass concentrations of PM2.5, nine WSIIs, total acidity and in-situ acidity of aerosol/non-sea-salt aerosol were measured. Overall, the mean mass concentrations of PM2.5 in the study area in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 57.5 +/- 22.3, 28.1 +/- 12.6, 46.8 +/- 18.3 and 62.4 +/- 22.1 mu g m(-3), respectively. WSIIs accounted for 36%-56% of PM2.5 at four sites. Secondary ions (non-sea-salt SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) contributed more than 74% to total WSIIs. Neutralization degree distributions indicated that 79.5% of PM2.5 was acidic. Total acidity and in-situ acidity both showed obvious seasonal variations, exhibited the peak values of 193.20 and 130.17 nmol m(-3) at HR site in summer. Sea-salt contributed 2.58%-17.74% to acidity in four seasons. The normalized ammonium concentration ([NH4+]/[ SO42-]) and normalized nitrate concentration ([NO3-]/[SO42-]) showed greater correlation coefficients after eliminating the ammonium-poor data points (greater than 0.66), especially at HR site. NH4HSO4 was the major form of WSIIs in PM2.5 and the formation of aqueous HNO3 could enhance aerosol acidity.
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AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
ISSN: 1680-8584
Year: 2017
Issue: 9
Volume: 17
Page: 2152-2164
2 . 5 8 9
JCR@2017
2 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY;
ESI HC Threshold:247
JCR Journal Grade:2
CAS Journal Grade:3
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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