Mycotoxins,　highly　toxic　secondary　metabolites　produced　by　many　invading　species　of　filamentous　fungi,　contaminate　different　agricultural　commodities　under　favorable　temperature　and　humidity　conditions.　Herein,　we　successfully　devised　a　novel　signal-on　photoelectrochemical　immunosensing　platform　for　the　quantitative　monitoring　of　mycotoxins　(aflatoxin　B-1,　AFB(1),　used　as　a　model)　in　foodstuffs　on　the　basis　of　silver　nanolabels-assisted　ion-exchange　reaction　with　CdTe　quantum　dots　(QDs)　mediated　hole-trapping.　Initially,　a　competitive-type　immunoreaction　was　carried　out　on　a　high　binding　microplate　by　using　silver　nanoparticle　(AgNP)-labeled　AFB(1)-bovine　serum　albumin　(AFB(1)-BSA)　conjugates　as　the　tags.　Then,　the　carried　AgNPs　with　AFB(1)-BSA　were　dissolved　by　acid　to　release　numerous　silver　ions,　which　could　induce　ion　exchange　reaction　with　the　CdTe　QDs　immobilized　on　the　electrode,　thus　resulting　in　formation　of　surface　exciton　trapping.　Relative　to　pure　CdTe　QDs,　the　formed　exciton　trapping　decreased　the　photocurrent　of　the　modified　electrode.　In　contrast,　the　detectable　photocurrent　increased　with　the　increase　of　target　AFB(1)　in　a　dynamic　working　range　from　10　pg　mL(-1)　to　15　ng　mL(-1)　at　a　low　limit　of　detection　(LOD)　of　3.0　pg　mL(-1)　under　optimal　conditions.　In　addition,　the　as-prepared　photoelectrochemical　immunosensing　platform　also　displayed　high　specificity,　good　reproducibility,　and　acceptable　method　accuracy　for　detecting　naturally　contaminated/spiked　blank　peanut　samples　with　consistent　results　obtained　from　the　referenced　enzyme-linked　immunosorbent　assay　(ELISA)　method.