For　cartilage　repair,　ideal　scaffolds　should　mimic　natural　extracellular　matrix　(ECM)　exhibiting　excellent　characteristics,　such　as　biocompatibility,　suitable　porosity,　and　good　cell　affinity.　This　study　aimed　to　prepare　a　collagen/silk　fibroin　composite　scaffold　incorporated　with　poly-lactic-co-glycolic　acid　(PLGA)　microsphere　that　can　be　applied　in　repairing　cartilage.　To　obtain　optimum　conditions　for　manufacturing　a　composite　scaffold,　a　scaffold　composed　of　different　collagen-to-silk　fibroin　ratios　was　evaluated　by　determining　porosity,　water　absorption,　loss　rate　in　hot　water,　and　cell　proliferation.　Results　suggested　that　the　optimal　ratio　of　collagen　and　silk　fibroin　composite　scaffold　was　7:3.　The　microstructure　and　morphological　characteristics　of　the　obtained　scaffold　were　also　examined　through　scanning　electron　microscopy　and　Fourier　transform　infrared　spectroscopy.　The　results　of　in　vitro　fluorescence　staining　of　bone　marrow　stromal　cells　revealed　that　collagen/silk　fibroin　composite　scaffold　enhanced　cell　proliferation　without　eliciting　side　effects.　The　prepared　composite　scaffold　incorporated　with　PLGA　microsphere　was　implanted　in　fully　thick　articular　cartilage　defects　in　rabbits.　Collagen/silk　fibroin　composite　scaffold　with　PLGA　microspheres　could　enhance　articular　cartilage　regeneration　and　integration　between　the　repaired　cartilage　and　the　surrounding　cartilage.　Therefore,　this　composite　will　be　a　promising　material　for　cartilage　repair　and　regeneration.　(C)　2016　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.