Environmental　pollution　and　energy　deficiency　represent　major　problems　for　the　sustainability　of　the　modern　world.　Photocatalysis　has　recently　emerged　as　an　effective　and　environmentally　friendly　technique　to　address　some　of　these　sustainability　issues,　although　the　key　to　the　success　of　this　approach　is　dependent　on　the　photocatalysts　themselves.　Based　on　their　attractive　physic　chemical　properties,　including　their　ultrahigh　surface　areas,　homogeneous　active　sites　and　tunable　functionality,　metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　have　become　interesting　platforms　for　the　development　of　solar　energy　conversion　devices.　Furthermore,　MOFs　have　recently　been　used　in　a　wide　variety　of　applications,　including　heterogeneous　photocatalysis　for　pollutant　degradation,　organic　transformations,　hydrogen　production　and　CO2　reduction.　In　this　review,　we　have　highlighted　recent　progress　towards　the　application　of　MOFs　in　all　of　these　areas.　We　have　collected　numerous　reported　examples　of　the　use　of　MOFs　in　these　areas,　as　well　as　providing　some　analysis　of　the　key　factors　influencing　the　efficiency　of　these　systems.　Moreover,　we　have　provided　a　detailed　discussion　of　new　strategies　that　have　been　developed　for　enhancing　the　photocatalytic　activity　of　MOFs.　Finally,　we　have　provided　an　outlook　for　this　area　in　terms　of　the　future　challenges　and　potential　prospects　for　MOFs　in　photocatalysis.　(c)　2015,　Dalian　Institute　of　Chemical　Physics,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　Published　by　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.