One-dimensional　Nd　doped　CePO4　hexagonal　nanowires　have　been　synthesized　for　the　first　time　at　140　degrees　C　for　24　hours　via　a　hydrothermal　method　using　P123　surfactant　as　the　template.　The　products　were　characterized　by　X-ray　diffraction,　transmission　electron　microscopy,　photoluminescence　and　high-resolution　transmission　electron　microscopy.　Compared　with　CePO4,　one-dimensional　nanomaterials　we　have　synthesized,　Nd　doped　CePO4　nanomaterials　remain　their　hexagonal　one-dimensional　morphology　and　smooth　surface.　However,　their　photoluminescence　emissions　are　greatly　enhanced　at　the　wavelength　of　348　nm.　With　their　novel　fluorescence-emission　property,　the　Nd　doped　CePO4　nanomaterials　are　potential　in　many　fields　such　as　optics　and　electronics.