Monascus-fermented　rice　has　been　used　to　treat　digestive　disorder　and　promote　blood　circulation　in　China　and　other　Asian　countries　for　centuries.　However,　the　effects　and　mechanisms　of　Monascus　purpureus-fermented　common　buckwheat　(HQ)　on　non-alcoholic　fatty　liver　disease　(NAFLD)　and　dyslipidemia　are　unclear.　Here,　oral　supplementation　of　HQ　significantly　inhibited　the　abnormal　growth　of　body　weight　and　epididymal　white　adipose　tissue　(eWAT),　prevented　the　hypertrophy　of　epididymal　adipocytes,　ameliorated　some　biochemical　parameters　of　serum　and　liver　related　to　lipid　metabolism　in　mice　fed　a　high-fat　and　high-cholesterol　diet　(HFD).　Histological　analysis　also　showed　that　the　excessive　accumulation　of　lipid　droplets　in　the　livers　induced　by　HFD-feeding　was　greatly　alleviated　by　HQ　supplementation.　Metagenomic　analysis　revealed　that　HQ　supplementation　made　significant　structural　changes　in　the　intestinal　microflora　of　mice　fed　with　HFD.　The　Spearman＇s　correlation　analysis　revealed　that　physiological　index,　serum　and　liver　lipid　profiles　were　positively　correlated　with　Bacteroidales　S24-7,　Streptococcus,　Allobaculum,　and　Clostridiales　XIII,　but　negatively　associated　with　Lactobacillus,　Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214　group,　Ruminiclostridium,　and　Alistipes.　UPLC-QTOF/MS-based　liver　metabolomics　demonstrated　that　HQ　intervention　had　significant　regulatory　effects　on　the　metabolic　pathways　of　primary　bile　acid　biosynthesis,　pyrimidine　metabolism,　ether　lipid　metabolism,　glutathione　metabolism,　glycine,　serine　and　threonine　metabolism,　and　amino　sugar　and　nucleotide　sugar　metabolism,　etc.　Additionally,　HQ　intervention　regulated　the　mRNA　levels　of　hepatic　genes　involved　in　hepatic　lipid　metabolism　and　bile　acid　homeostasis.　Collectively,　these　findings　present　new　evidence　supporting　that　HQ　has　the　potential　to　ameliorate　dyslipidemia　and　NAFLD　via　modulating　the　intestinal　microbial　populations　and　hepatic　metabolite　profile　in　hyperlipidemic　mice　induced　by　HFD.　©　2020　Elsevier　Ltd