The　deformation　texture　and　twin　effect　of　rolled　AZ31　Mg　alloy　on　the　corrosion　resistance　in　simulated　body　fluid　(SBF)　at　room　temperature　were　examined　by　potentiodynamic　polarization　and　electrochemical　impedance　spectra.　The　corrosion　morphology　evolution　after　being　immersed　in　SBF　for　24　h　has　been　analyzed　by　scanning　electron　microscope.　The　results　show　that　the　inhomogeneous　deformation　leaded　to　the　obvious　differences　in　the　microstructure.　The　corrosion　rate　of　rolled　AZ31　Mg　alloy　decreased　dramatically　in　the　transverse　direction　(TD)　plane,　which　mainly　consisted　of　{0001}　deformation　texture,　making　TD　plane　be　a　lower　surface　energy,　and　thus　a　higher　corrosion　resistance,　while　the　corrosion　resistance　of　the　plane　with　45°　to　TD　direction　(45TD　plane)　containing　enormous　{10-12}　tension　twins　decreased　after　5%　uniaxial　compression.　The　{10-12}　tension　twins　accelerate　the　rate　of　corrosion　procedure　and　pitting　corrosion.　Moreover,　it　is　suggested　that　the　deformation　texture　affects　the　corrosion　behavior　more　than　the　twins　do.　This　study　indicates　that　the　corrosion　rate　of　AZ31　Mg　alloy　in　SBF　can　be　modified　by　the　small　uniaxial　compression.　©　The　Chinese　Society　for　Metals　and　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Germany　2017.