A　high-speed　camera-based　two-dimensional　optical　coherence　vibration　tomography　(2DOCVT)　system　with　a　subnanometre　displacement　resolution　was　developed　and　employed　for　low-frequency　vibration　measurement　and　modal　analysis.　Experimental　results　demonstrated　the　ability　of　low-frequency　absolute　displacement　measurement　of　structural　line　vibrations　without　scanning.　Three-dimensional　(3D)　surface　displacement　of　a　vibrating　structure　could　also　be　obtained　using　the　developed　2DOCVT　by　scanning　the　structure.　The　scanning　2DOCVT　system　acted　like　a　3D　optical　coherence　vibration　tomography　system.　The　developed　2DOCVT　system　could　capture　structural　modal　parameters　without　vibration　excitation　input　information,　and　therefore,　it　is　a　response-only　method.　The　2DOCVT　could　be　recommended　in　the　application　of　low-frequency　vibration　measurement　and　modal　analysis　of　beam　and　plate　structures,　especially　when　the　vibration　amplitude　is　at　nanometre　or　micrometre　scale.　©　2016　Elsevier　Ltd