Transition　metal　chalcogenides　quantum　dots　(TMCs　QDs)　demonstrate　emerging　potential　in　solar　energy　conversion　owing　to　marvelous　physicochemical　properties,　such　as　quantum　size　effect,　large　extinction　coefficient,　and　multiple　excitons　generation.　Nevertheless,　TMCs　QDs　as　photosensitizers　are　unstable　owing　to　high　surface　energy,　and　moreover,　substantial　trap　states　of　TMCs　QDs　annihilate　the　photo-induced　charge　carriers,　thus　resulting　in　ultra-short　charge　lifetime　and　inferior　photoactivities.　Herein,　0D/2D　TMCs　QDs/MXene　heterostructures　were　designed　by　a　ligand-initiated　electrostatic　self-assembly　strategy,　wherein　positively　charged　TMCs　QDs　were　anchored　on　the　negatively　charged　ultrathin　Ti3C2Tx　nanosheets　(NSs)　framework,　which　promotes　the　anisotropic　unidirectional　electron　transport　from　TMCs　QDs　to　MXene　NSs.　MXene　functions　as　an　effective　charge　mediator　to　decrease　the　charge　recombination　and　prolong　the　charge　lifetime　for　photocatalytic　hydrogen　generation　and　anaerobic　reduction　of　nitroaromatics　to　amino　compounds　under　visible　light　irradiation.　Our　work　would　shed　new　insights　on　the　role　of　MXene　in　tuning　the　directional　charge　transport　for　solar　energy　conversion.　(C)　2021　Elsevier　Inc.　All　rights　reserved.