This　study　aimed　to　explore　the　effects　of　recombinant　serine　protease　treatment　on　the　development　of　postharvest　loquat　diseases,　fruit　quality,　and　disease　resistance　enzyme　activities.　It　also　sought　to　analyze　differential　genes　expression　using　RNA-seq　technology.　Transcriptomics　analysis　revealed　708　and　398　differentially　expressed　genes　(DEGs)　in　loquat　fruits　treated　with　serine　protease　for　24　and　48　h.　Furthermore,　2198　DEGs　were　obtained　between　24　and　48　h　after　treatment.　The　genes　encoding　JAZ,　MYC2　and　ERF　in　the　plant　signal　transduction　pathway　were　significantly　up-regulated.　The　resistance-related　genes,　such　as　PPO,　PAL,　TLP,　WRKY,　and　transcription　factors　were　also　significantly　up-regulated.　These　results　indicated　that　the　recombinant　serine　protease　can　induce　plant　signal　transduction　pathway　in　loquat　fruit.　The　expression　of　some　resistance-related　genes　enhanced　the　disease　resistance　of　loquat　fruit　and　revealed　the　molecular　mechanism　of　loquat　fruit　resistance　induced　by　recombinant　serine　protease.