Material　anisotropy　significantly　impacts　the　mechanical　behaviors　of　asphalt　pavements.　However,　most　current　asphalt　pavement　design　methods　treat　the　material　properties　only　as　isotropic,　which　could　significantly　skew　the　mechanical　behaviors.　There　is　a　need　to　evaluate　the　impact　of　material　anisotropy　on　pavement　mechanical　behaviors.　In　this　study,　we　first　developed　a　new　and　efficient　3-dimensional　finite　element　(FE)　model　of　anisotropic　material.　Then,　the　feasibility　of　the　proposed　FE　model　was　verified　using　field　data　collected　with　a　falling　weight　deflectometer.　Finally,　using　this　model,　the　contributions　of　each　layer　anisotropy　to　the　mechanical　properties　were　determined.　The　results　showed　that　the　mechanical　behaviors　were　more　sensitive　to　the　orthotropy　than　to　the　transverse　isotropy　of　the　material.　The　all-layer　orthotropy　was　the　most　unfavorable　combination.　In　addition,　the　subgrade　orthotropy　showed　the　most　significant　effect　on　increasing　the　surface　deflection　and　compressive　strain　of　the　subgrade　top　(by　about　10%).　Based　on　the　study　results,　we　recommend　that　the　homogeneity　degree　of　the　filling　subgrade　should　be　strictly　controlled　to　ensure　adequate　pavement　capacity　and　anti-rutting　performance　during　construction.