Semiconductor　photocatalysis　is　a　potential　pathway　to　solve　the　problems　of　global　energy　shortage　and　environmental　pollution.　Black　phosphorus　(BP)　has　been　widely　used　in　the　field　of　photocatalysis　owing　to　its　features　of　high　hole　mobility,　adjustable　bandgap,　and　wide　optical　absorption　range.　Nevertheless,　pristine　BP　still　exhibits　unsatisfactory　photocatalytic　activity　due　to　the　low　separation　efficiency　of　photoinduced　charge　carriers.　In　recent　years,　the　construction　of　heterostructured　photocatalysts　based　on　BP　has　become　a　research　hotspot　in　photocatalysis　with　the　remarkable　improvement　of　photoexcited　charge-separation　efficiency.　Herein,　progress　on　the　design,　synthesis,　properties,　and　applications　of　BP　and　its　corresponding　heterostructured　photocatalysts　is　summarized.　Furthermore,　the　photocatalytic　applications　of　BP-based　heterostructured　photocatalysts　in　water　splitting,　pollutant　degradation,　carbon　dioxide　reduction,　nitrogen　fixation,　bacterial　disinfection,　and　organic　synthesis　are　reviewed.　Opportunities　and　challenges　for　the　exploration　of　advanced　BP-based　heterostructured　photocatalysts　are　presented.　This　review　will　promote　the　development　and　applications　of　BP-based　heterostructured　photocatalysts　in　energy　conversion　and　environmental　remediation.　©　2021　Chinese　Academy　of　Engineering