Multiple　cropping　is　a　widespread　approach　for　intensifying　crop　production　through　rotations　of　diverse　crops.　Maps　of　cropping　intensity　with　crop　descriptions　are　important　for　supporting　sustainable　agricultural　management.　As　the　most　populated　country,　China　ranked　first　in　global　cereal　production　and　the　percentages　of　multiple-cropped　land　are　twice　of　the　global　average.　However,　there　are　no　reliable　updated　national-scale　maps　of　cropping　patterns　in　China.　Here　we　present　the　first　recent　annual　500-m　MODIS-based　national　maps　of　multiple　cropping　systems　in　China　using　phenology-based　mapping　algorithms　with　pixel　purity-based　thresholds,　which　provide　information　on　cropping　intensity　with　descriptions　of　three　staple　crops　(maize,　paddy　rice,　and　wheat).　The　produced　cropping　patterns　maps　achieved　an　overall　accuracy　of　89%　based　on　ground　truth　data,　and　a　good　agreement　with　the　statistical　data　(R-2　＞=　0.89).　The　China　Cropping　Pattern　maps　(ChinaCP)　are　available　for　public　download　online.　Cropping　patterns　maps　in　China　and　other　countries　with　finer　resolutions　can　be　produced　based　on　Sentinel-2　Multispectral　Instrument　(MSI)　images　using　the　shared　code.