With　accelerating　consumption　of　nonrenewable　energy　resource,　mankind　is　currently　facing　the　dilemma　of　energy　crisis　and　global　warming　caused　by　excessive　greenhouse　gas　emissions.　Photoelectrocatalytic　(PEC)　technique　to　convert　the　main　greenhouse　gas　CO2　into　hydrocarbon　fuels　can　solve　these　two　issues　with　one　stone.　Herein,　we　summarize　the　latest　developments　of　semiconductor-based　PEC　CO2　reduction　for　solar　fuels　production　in　a　more　comprehensive　manner.　Our　endeavors　start　with　elucidation　of　the　fundamental　principles　of　CO2　reduction　technology　and　influencing　factors　of　PEC　CO2　reduction　technique,　followed　by　specific　introduction　on　four　quintessentially　designed　PEC　CO2　reduction　systems,　and　then　multifarious　photoelectrodes　utilized　for　these　photosystems　are　systematically　introduced.　Modification　rationales　for　crafting　photoelectrodes　with　high　conversion　efficiency　and　good　stability　are　elucidated.　Besides,　strategies　developed　for　fine-tuning　of　selectivity　of　PEC　CO2　reduction　products　are　also　discussed.　Finally,　future　outlooks　and　challenges　in　this　booming　research　field　are　reviewed.　It　is　anticipated　that　our　Review　would　provide　enriched　and　guided　information　on　rational　construction　of　high-performance　photoelectrodes　for　solar-to-chemical　fuels　conversion.　©　2022　American　Chemical　Society.