Background:　Many　studies　have　reported　the　effects　of　PM2.5　and　PM10　on　human　health,　however,　it　remains　unclear　whether　particular　matter　with　finer　particle　size　has　a　greater　effect.　Objectives:　This　work　aims　to　examine　the　varying　associations　of　the　incidence　rate　of　female　lung　cancer　with　PM1,　PM2.5　and　PM10　in　436　Chinese　cancer　registries　between　2014　and　2016.　Methods:　The　effects　of　PM1,　PM2.5　and　PM10　were　estimated　through　three　regression　models,　respectively.　Mode　l　only　included　particular　matter,　while　Model　2　and　Model　3　further　controlled　for　time　and　location　factors,　and　socioeconomic　covariates,　respectively.　Moreover,　two　sensitivity　analyses　were　performed　to　investigate　the　robustness　of　three　particular　matte　effects.　Then,　we　examined　the　modifying　role　of　urban-rural　division　on　the　effects　of　PM1,　PM2.5　and　PM10,　respectively.　Results:　The　change　in　the　incidence　rate　of　female　lung　cancer　relative　to　its　mean　was　5.98%　(95%　CI:　3.40,　8.56%)　for　PM1,　which　was　larger　than　the　values　of　PM2.5　and　PM10　at　3.75%　(95%　CI:　2.33,　5.17%)　and　1.57%　(95%　CI:　0.73,　2.41%),　respectively.　The　effects　of　three　particular　matters　were　not　sensitive　in　the　two　sensitivity　analyses.　Moreover,　urban-rural　division　positively　modified　the　associations　of　the　incidence　rate　of　female　lung　cancer　with　PM1,　PM2.5　and　PM10.　Conclusions:　The　effect　on　the　incidence　rate　of　female　lung　cancer　was　greater　for　PM1,　followed　by　PM2.5　and　PM10.　There　were　positive　modifying　roles　of　urban-rural　division　on　the　effects　of　three　particular　matters.　The　finding　supports　the　argument　that　finer　particular　matters　are　more　harmful　to　human　health,　and　also　highlights　the　great　significance　to　develop　guidelines　for　PM1　control　and　prevention　in　Chinese　setting.　©　2022,　The　Author(s).