Due　to　the　unfavorable　blast　resistance　of　reinforced　concrete　(RC)　slabs,　particularly　with　the　frequent　occurrence　of　penetration　and　spalling　damage,　engineered　cementitious　composite　(ECC)　provided　a　promising　alternative　for　enhanced　blast　resistance　through　its　direct　application　as　a　building　material　or　by　reinforcing　existing　RC　slabs　due　to　its　excellent　tensile　ductility　and　toughness.　In　the　present　study,　the　blast　resistance　of　the　RC　slab,　the　ECC　slab,　and　the　composite　slab　(RC　slab　reinforced　by　ECC　layer)　was　investigated　and　compared　through　experimental　and　numerical　approaches.　Firstly,　the　material　properties　of　the　ECC　were　acquired　through　the　quasi-static　compressive　test,　as　well　as　quasi-static　and　dynamic　tensile　tests,　which　felicitated　the　parameter　calibration　in　the　K&C　model　for　ECC.　Then　the　numerical　models　of　the　RC　slab,　the　ECC　slab,　and　the　RC/ECC　composite　slab　were　established　and　validated　with　the　blast　test　results.　The　test　and　numerical　results　showed　that　the　ECC　and　composite　slabs　exhibited　superior　anti-blast　performance　in　terms　of　failure　mode,　damage　extent,　and　load　mitigation　compared　to　the　RC　slab.　Owing　to　the　remarkable　ductility　and　toughness,　the　ECC　and　composite　slabs　could　greatly　reduce　the　possibility　and　severity　of　penetration　and　spalling　damage.　Furthermore,　five　significant　parameters　impacting　the　blast　resistance　of　ECC　and　composite　slabs　were　summarized　through　dimensional　analysis　including　the　tensile　strength　of　ECC　σt,　the　total　explosive　energy　Q,　the　standoff　distance　R,　the　slab　thickness　H,　and　the　slab　span　L.　Then　a　dimensionless　number　was　proposed　to　determine　the　failure　mode　and　predict　the　residual　deflection　at　the　center　of　the　ECC　and　composite　slabs.　The　results　could　serve　as　a　reference　for　the　design　of　ECC　and　composite　slabs　to　resist　blast　loading　in　the　field　of　structural　protection.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd