Covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs)　represent　a　burgeoning　category　of　highly　tunable　crystalline　porous　materials,　which　have　garnered　significant　attention　as　promising　platforms　for　designing　novel　photo-　and　electrocatalysts.　Single-site　catalysis　holds　paramount　importance　in　revealing　the　catalytic　reaction　mechanism　and　enhancing　catalytic　performance　because　of　the　maximum　utilization　of　metal　atoms　and　presence　of　a　definite　active　center.　Given　the　distinct　advantages　of　single-site　catalysts,　such　as　single　metal　ions,　single　atoms,　single　active　sites,　and　metal　clusters,　and　COFs　materials,　there　is　a　current　surge　of　interest　in　using　COFs　materials　as　support　materials　to　anchor　highly　dispersed　single-sites.　Consequently,　the　design　and　preparation　of　COF-based　single-site　catalysts　have　emerged　as　a　prominent　research　topic　in　the　fields　of　photo-　and　electrocatalysis,　to　address　the　pressing　environmental　and　energy　issues.　This　review　provides　an　overview　of　the　development　of　COF-based　single-site　photo-　and　electrocatalysts.　Advanced　applications　of　COF-based　single-site　photo-　and　electrocatalysts　are　comprehensively　summarized　and　reviewed.　Additionally,　the　review　addresses　the　challenges　faced　by　COF-based　single-site　photo-　and　electrocatalysts　and　discusses　their　future　development　trends.　We　aim　to　provide　new　insights　into　the　application　of　COF-based　single-site　materials　in　photo-　and　electrocatalysis　and　further　promote　the　development　of　catalytic　science.　©　2023　Dalian　Institute　of　Chemical　Physics,　the　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences