The　microwave　heating　technology　has　advantages　such　as　rapid　volumetric　heating,　higher　chemical　reaction　rate,　higher　selectivity,　shorter　reaction　time,　and　higher　product　yield　compared　with　the　conventional　heating　methods,　enabling　the　production　of　nanostructured　materials　in　liquid　phase　with　high　efficiency,　rapidness,　low　cost,　and　energy　saving.　The　microwave　heating　technology　is　popular　for　rapid　chemical　reactions　and　materials　preparation　in　minutes,　instead　of　hours　or　even　days　usually　required　by　the　conventional　heating　methods.　This　article　provides　the　basic　and　comprehensive　knowledge　on　rapid　microwave　synthesis　of　nanostructured　materials,　and　some　examples　of　nanostructured　materials　synthesized　by　the　microwave　heating　are　discussed.　©　2023　Elsevier　Inc.　All　rights　reserved.