Antibiotics　have　successfully　been　developed　and　used　widely　in　clinical　therapeutics　for　many　years　to　treat　bacterial　infections,　resulting　in　their　unregulated　discharge　into　waterbodies,　which　adversely　affects　the　flora　and　fauna.　This　triggers　alarming　health　issues　that　ascertain　the　need　to　develop　suitable　sensors　for　the　detection　and　removal　of　persitent　antibiotic　pollutants.　Several　reports　have　been　made　on　lanthanide-based　luminescent　metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　as　one　of　the　best-known　chemosensors　that　render　efficient　and　selective　detection　of　antibiotics　owing　to　their　intrinsic　luminescent　response.　Herein,　the　recent　advancements　in　lanthanide-based　MOFs　for　recognizing　antibiotics　are　reviewed　with　a　detailed　discussion　on　the　mechanistic　routes　of　detection.　Also,　the　possible　transitions　between　the　energy　levels　of　lanthanides　and　the　unique　photophysical　attributes　of　lanthanide-organic　hybrids　are　critically　assessed.　Further,　the　performance　of　the　reported　chemosensors　based　on　their　detection　range,　the　limit　of　detection,　stability,　reproducibility,　and　practical　feasibility　are　extensively　explored.　These　unique　aspects　of　this　review　provide　a　solid　prospect　for　designing　innovative　and　ingenious　fluorescent　probes.　©　2023　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.