Psychiatric　pharmaceuticals　are　gaining　public　attention　because　of　increasing　reports　of　their　occurrence　in　environment　and　their　potential　impact　on　ecosystems　and　human　health.　This　work　studied　the　occurrence　and　fate　of　15　selected　psychiatric　pharmaceuticals　from　3　psychiatric　hospitals　effluent　in　Shanghai　and　investigated　the　effect　of　hospitals　effluent　on　surface　water,　groundwater,　soil　and　plant.　Amitriptyline　(83.57　ng　L-1)　and　lorazepam　(22.26　ng　L-1)　showed　the　highest　concentration　and　were　found　frequently　in　hospital　effluent.　Lorazepam　(8.27　ng　L-1),　carbamazepine　(83.80　ng　L-1)　and　diazepam　(79.33　ng　L-1)　showed　higher　values　in　surface　water.　The　concentration　of　lorazepam　(46.83　ng　L-1)　in　groundwater　was　higher　than　other　reports.　Only　six　target　compounds　were　detected　in　all　three　soil　points　in　accordance　with　very　low　concentration.　Alkaline　pharmaceuticals　were　more　easily　adsorbed　by　soil.　Carbamazepine　(1.29　ng　g(-1))　and　lorazepam　(2.95　ng　g(-1))　were　frequently　determined　in　plant　tissues.　The　correlation　analyses　(Spearman　correlations　＞　0.5)　showed　the　main　source　of　psychiatric　pharmaceuticals　pollutants　might　be　hospital　effluents　(from　effluent　to　surface　water;　from　surface　water　to　groundwater).　However,　hospital　effluents　were　not　the　only　pollution　sources　from　the　perspective　of　the　dilution　factor　analysis.　Although　the　risk　assessment　indicated　that　the　risk　was　low　to　aquatic　organism,　the　continuous　discharge　of　pollution　might　cause　potential　environment　problem.