With　the　rapid　development　of　nanotherapy,　concerns　surrounding　the　possible　use　of　nanomaterials-mediated　immunomodulation　are　growing.　Thus,　evaluating　the　effects　of　novel　materials　for　potential　application　in　nanotherapy　is　essential.　Herein,　we　studied　the　effects　of　TiO2-nanorods　(NRs)　on　the　immune　function　and　their　potential　application　in　immunotherapy.　TiO2-NRs　exerted　specific　immunomodulatory　effects　on　the　main　immune　cells.　Cytokines　TNF-alpha　and　IL-2,　which　play　a　key　role　in　antitumor　processes,　were　upregulated　more　significantly　than　other　cytokines　(IL-4,　IL-5,　IFN-gamma)　in　the　main　immune　cells.　The　cells　group　treated　with　a　high　dose　of　TiO2-NRs　(50　mg/L)　for　12　h　produced　a　higher　TNF-alpha　content　of　530.4　pg/mL　relative　to　that　(238.2　pg/mL)　treated　with　saline　solution　only.　The　TNF-alpha　content　increased　to　2.2-　and　4.9-fold　for　macrophages　and　lymphocytes,　respectively.　Also,　we　conclude　that　TiO2-NRs　exposure　may　trigger　T　cell　proliferation　and　bias　toward　Th1　immune　response　and　cause　a　long-lasting　activation　of　lymphocytes　involved　in　adaptive　immunity　rather　than　an　innate　immunity　in　BALB/c　mice.　Furthermore,　we　explored　the　potential　application　of　TiO2-NRs　in　immunotherapy.　At　a　given　dose　of　1　mg/kg,　the　inhibition　rate　by　TiO2-NRs　(26.7%)　was　much　higher　than　that　by　DOX　(13.3%).