Nanotechnology　has　been　a　rapidly　developing　field　in　the　past　few　decades,　resulting　in　the　more　and　more　exposure　of　nanomaterials　to　human.　The　increased　applications　of　nanomaterials　for　industrial,　commercial　and　life　purposes,　such　as　fillers,　catalysts,　semiconductors,　paints,　cosmetic　additives　and　drug　carriers,　have　caused　both　obvious　and　potential　impacts　on　human　health　and　environment.　Nanotoxicology　is　used　to　study　the　safety　of　nanomaterials　and　has　grown　at　the　historic　moment.　Molecular　toxicology　is　a　new　subdiscipline　to　study　the　interactions　and　impacts　of　materials　at　the　molecular　level.　To　better　understand　the　relationship　between　the　molecular　toxicology　and　nanomaterials,　this　review　summarizes　the　typical　techniques　and　methods　in　molecular　toxicology　which　are　applied　when　investigating　the　toxicology　of　nanomaterials　and　include　six　categories:　namely;　genetic　mutation　detection,　gene　expression　analysis,　DNA　damage　detection,　chromosomal　aberration　analysis,　proteomics,　and　metabolomics.　Each　category　involves　several　experimental　techniques　and　methods.