In　order　to　study　the　axial　compression　performance　of　palm-tenon　spliced　timber　columns　reinforced　with　BFRP　sheets　(referred　to　as　the　reinforced　timber　column),　the　axial　compression　test　was　carried　out　on　10　specimens,　including　seven　splicing　columns　with　different　number　of　BFRP　transverse　and　longitudinal　fiber　layers,　one　ke-ban　splicing　column　and　two　intact　timber　columns.　The　failure　characteristics　and　load-displacement　curves　of　the　columns　were　analyzed,　and　a　comparison　was　made　between　the　before-　and　after-reinforcement　columns　for　the　failure　mode,　strain　state,　bearing　capacity,　stiffness　and　ductility.　In　order　to　accurately　calculate　the　displacement　ductility　coefficient　of　timber　components,　the　ESEP　method　was　proposed　to　determine　the　nominal　yield　point　of　timber　column.　The　results　show　that　the　integrity　of　the　splicing　area　is　good　for　the　specimens　with　composite　reinforcement　of　BFRP,　and　the　ultimate　bearing　capacity　and　stiffness　of　reinforced　timber　columns　can　be　restored　to　80%　-90%　level　of　intact　timber　columns,　as　well　as　ductility　can　be　increased　by　9%　-90%　.　This　indicates　that　the　reinforced　timber　columns　have　good　mechanical　performance.　The　nominal　yield　displacement　determined　by　ESEP　method　is　reasonable　and　reliable,　which　can　be　used　to　determine　the　yield　point　of　timber　components.　Furthermore,　a　numerical　simulation　model　was　established,　and　the　validity　of　the　model　was　verified　by　the　experimental　results.　Based　on　the　model,　the　effect　of　splice　height　(hd)　and　splice　length　(ld)　on　the　reinforced　timber　column　were　analyzed.　A　calculation　formula　was　derived　for　the　axial　compression　capacity　of　the　reinforced　timber　column.　The　finite　element　analysis　shows　that　the　bearing　capacity　decreases　with　the　increase　of　hd,　and　ld　has　little　effect　on　the　bearing　capacity.　The　maximum　error　between　the　calculated　value　and　the　test　value　is　12.　1%　.　The　formula　proposed　in　this　paper　can　provide　reference　for　the　retrofitting　of　timber　structures.　©　2024　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.