As　a　chemical　product　with　rapidly　expanding　demand　in　the　field　of　modern　energy　and　environmental　applications,　hydrogen　peroxide　(H2O2)　has　garnered　widespread　attention.　However,　the　existing　industrial　production　of　H2O2　is　plagued　by　high　energy　consumption,　harmful　waste　emission,　and　severe　safety　issues,　making　it　difficult　to　satisfy　the　environmental/economic　production　concept.　Artificial　photosynthesis　offers　a　viable　strategy　for　green　and　sustainable　H2O2　production　since　it　uses　sunlight　as　an　energy　source　to　initiate　the　reaction　of　oxygen　and　water　to　produce　H2O2.　Among　various　photocatalysts,　covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs),　featuring　highly　ordered　skeletons　and　well-defined　active　sites,　have　emerged　as　promising　photocatalysts　for　H2O2　production.　This　review　presents　the　nascent　and　burgeoning　area　of　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　based　on　COFs.　First,　a　brief　overview　of　photocatalytic　technology　is　provided,　followed　by　a　detailed　introduction　to　the　principles　and　evaluation　of　the　photocatalytic　H2O2　generation.　Subsequently,　the　latest　research　progress　on　the　judicious　design　of　COFs　for　H2O2　photosynthesis　is　expounded,　with　a　particular　emphasis　on　manipulating　the　electronic　structures　and　redox　active　sites.　Finally,　an　outlook　on　the　challenges　and　future　opportunities　is　proposed,　in　the　hope　of　stimulating　further　explorations　of　novel　molecular-designed　COFs　for　sustainable　photosynthesis.　©　2023　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.